TOPIC 3

HALAL RAW MATERIALS

 INTRODUCTION
• FILTH/NAJS ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW
• Cleanliness is an important part of Islam,
including Qur'anic verses that teach how to
achieve ritual cleanliness. Keeping oral
hygiene through cleaning the teeth with the use
of a form of toothbrush called miswak is
considered Sunnah , the way of
Prophet Muhammad. Ritual ablution is also very
important, as observed by the practices
of wudu (partial ablution), ghusl (full ablution),
and tayammum (water-free alternative using
any natural surface such as rock, sand, or dust).
Hygiene is a prominent topic in
Islam. Islam has always placed a
strong emphasis on personal hygiene.
Other than the need to be ritually clean
in time for the daily prayer
through wudu and ghusl, there are a
large number of other hygiene-related
rules governing the lives of Muslim.
CONCEPTS OF CLEANLINESS
 Cleanliness may be wed with a moral quality, as indicated by
the aphorism "CLEANLINESS IS NEXT
TO GODLINESS," and may be regarded as contributing to
other ideals such as health and beauty.
 CONCEPTS OF CLEANLINESS
 In emphasizing an ongoing procedure or set of habits for
the purpose of maintenance and prevention, the
concept of cleanliness differs from purity, which is a
physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom from pollutants.
Whereas PURITY is usually a quality of an individual or
substance, cleanliness has a social dimension, or implies
a system of interactions.
 A household or workplace may be said to exhibit
cleanliness, but not ordinarily purity; cleanliness also
would be a characteristic of the people who maintain
cleanness or prevent dirtying.
On a practical level, cleanliness is thus
related to hygiene and disease prevention.

Washing is one way of achieving physical

cleanliness, usually with water and often
some kind of soap or detergent.

Procedures of cleanliness are of utmost

importance in many forms of
manufacturing.
Two kind of cleanliness

PHYSICAL SPIRITUAL

FREE FROM POLYTHEISM,

RELATED TO HUMAN
ILL MANNERS, LOVE OF
BODY
WEALTH, LOVE OF FAME

RELATED TO CLEANLINESS OF THE

ENVIRONMENT, WATER, INNER-SELF THAT IS
HOUSE & PUBLIC HEART, MIND AND
PLACES SOUL
 FILTH/NAJS ACCORDING TO
ISLAMIC LAW
• In Islamic Law, najis are things or persons
regarded as ritually unclean. According to Islam,
there are two kinds of najis:

2. The unessential najis

1. The essential najis which
which become najis while in
cannot be cleaned
contact with another najis

Shirt which
Blood contact
with urine
Filth/najs in Islam

• Pig
Najs mughalazah • Dog
(heavy najasah) • Descendents

• Blood
Najs Mutawasitah • Urine
• Feces

Najs Mukhafafah • Urinate of baby boy under 2 years old -

(light Najasah) Suckling from the mother
 The Muṭahhirāt
(The Purifying Agents)
 It is possible to purify a thing which has become najis. These
muṭahhirāt agents that can purify najis can be divided into
two groups:

a. Nature

1. Water
The Qur'an says:
“He (Allah) is the one who sends the winds as good news before 2. The
His mercy; and We send down pure water from the cloud.” (25:48) 3. The
Earth -
According to the shari'ah, water can be of two types: muṭlaq and Sun
muḍāf. Muṭlaq is pure water without putting it to a scientific test. tayamum
The five forms of muṭlaq are the following: rain, well water, running
or flowing water (river or stream), Kur water (lake, sea or ocean),
and less than kur. Muḍāf is mixed water as in tea or kool aid
 The Muṭahhirāt
(The Purifying Agents)
b. Physical Change

istiḥālah (chemical change)

inqilāb (change in properties)

intiqāl (change in place)

zawāl li-ʿayni n-najāsah (disappearance of the source of najāsah)

istibrāʾ (quarantining)
The Muṭahhirāt
(The Purifying Agents)
C. SPIRITUAL CHANGE
MEANING OF RAW MATERIAL

• BASIC MATERIAL USED IN THE

1 PRODUCTION OF GOODS, FINISHED

PRODUCTS OR INTERMEDIATE
MATERIALSTHAT ARE THEMSELVES
FEEDSTOCK FOR FINISHED PRODUCT

• AS FEED STOCK, THE TERM CONNOTES

2 IT IS A BOTTLENECK ASSET CRITICAL

TO THE PRODUCTION OF OTHER
PRODUCTS

• WHEN WE TALK ABOUT RAW FOOD, IT

MEANS THE FOOD HAS NOT BEEN

3 PROCESSED BY COOKING. WHEN WE

PROCESS SOMETHING WE DO
SOMETHING TO IT TO TURN IT INTO
SOMETHING ELSE WITH DIFFERENT
PROPERTIES.
THREE ELEMENTS OF NAJS
AND FILT OF RAW MATERIALS

SOLID

LIQUID

POWDER
Examples of raw materials used
to make other materials
Clay is
moulded and
burned to make Animal wool is used to make
ceramics, such clothes, such as jerseys and
as teacups, scarves
teapots and
vases

Sand is a natural, raw Coal and oil are

material. Sand is heated to used to make
extremely high temperatures plastics, paints
and melted to make glass. and fabrics

Wood and plant Animal skin is a raw material

fibres are used and is processed into leather
to make paper. to make shoes, handbags and
belts
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

1. Islam Permits What Is wholesome

• Al Baqarah : 168 – (O mankind! Eat of
what is permissible and good on earth and
do not follow the foodsteps of Satan, truly
he is and open adversary to you)
• Allah provide for mankind on this vast
outspreed table, the earth the good things
to eat.
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

Plants Animals Microorganism

 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
• Don’t follow of satan who has alluring to some people
things which Allah has made halal.
• Allah said (Al Baqarah 172-173) : (O you who believe!
Eat of the good things that We have provided for you
and be thankful to Allah if it is He alone Whom you
worship. Indeed that He has forbidden to you is (1) the
flesh of dead animals and (2) blood and (3) the flesh
of swine and (4) that which has been sacrificed to
anyone other than Allah. But if one is compelled by
necessity, neither craving (it) nor transgressing, there is
no sin on him, indeed, Allah is Ever Forgiving, Ever
Merciful)
 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
Islam Permits What Is wholesome
Allah has explains that no food is haram to mankind except 4 kind
mentioned.
Then Allah has detailed in al Maidah: 3
(Forbidden for you are :
1. the flesh of dead animals and
2. blood and
3. the flesh of swine and
4. that which has been dedicated to any other than Allah, and
5. that which has been killed by strangling or
6. by beating or
7. by falling or
8. by being gore and
9. that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild beast except that which you make
lawful by slaughtering (before its death) and
10. that which has secrificed to idols…)
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

• Physical filth is different from ritual

impurity. Filth includes certain things that
non-Muslims might eat but which are
forbidden to Muslims.
• Filth also includes specified substances that
come out of the bodies of humans or
animals.
• Filth or food that has become contaminated
with filth is prohibited for eating according to
most scholars including Malik, Abu Hanifa,
al-Shafi‛i
 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
• 1. the flesh of dead animals
• The beast or fowl which dies of natural causes, without being
slaughtered or hunted by men. Reason:
1. Eating the flesh of a dead animal is repugnant to civilized taste
and is considered by thinking people in all societies and contrary
to human dignity.
2. Act and intention to take the life of the animal in order to used it
as food.
3. The animal maybe died of some acute or chronic disease, or
eating a poisonous plant – would probably be harmful.
4. It’s a source of food to another animal and birds – mercy from
Allah.
5. Encourages the owner to guard it from disease and malnutrition
lest it die and be waste.
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

 2. Flowing Blood
• Blood that flows out of a non-aquatic animal is filth whether
the animal is living or dead, even if it is in the process of
being properly slaughtered. Blood coming from a living
animal or a prohibited animal cannot be eaten in any
quantity, no matter how small it is. (most scholar – small
amount of blood can be ignored)
• Drinking of blood is repugnant of human decency and that is
may likewise be injurious to health.
• Al-Shafi‛i is among those who say that the blood of fish is
clean, while some other scholars disagree
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

3. Pork

4/10. That which is dedicated to anyone

other than Allah
Example : the name of an idol – in Arab
polytheist using al Lat or Al Uzza. So
the reason for prohibition is entirely
related to faith, to safeguard the belief in
the Oneness of Allah to purify worship.
 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
5/6/7/8/9. Type of Dead animal (that which has been killed by strangling
or by beating or by falling or by being gore)
 Flesh from warm-blooded dead animals (meaning animals that died
other than by proper intentional slaughter or hunting) not from the
water is filth.

 As for dead animals that lived in water, Malik as well as al-Shafi‛i

and his school say they are clean but Abu Hanifa disagrees.

 Having the same legal status as dead meat is meat from animals
that died as a result of strangulation, falling, being beaten, goring or
being partially eaten by another animal[ and also any part cut off from
a living animal other than its hair. (Dead meat is meat from a dead
animal, meaning an animal that died other than by proper intentional
slaughter or hunting.)
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL

• Ali bin Abi Talib said: “If you can

slaughter a beaten, a fallen, or a gored
animal while it (still) moves it hoof or
leg, you may eat it”.
• It’s lawful by slaughtering.
 SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL
 In the selection of food and drink, Islam has laid down three very
important guidelines, namely;

1. Whether the consumption of the foodstuff is prohibited by Allah,

2. Whether the foodstuff is obtained through Halal or Haram means, and
3. Whether or not the material is harmful to health.

 There are several factors that determine the Halal/Haram status of a

particular foodstuff. Amongst others, it is dependent on its nature, how it
was processed and where it originated from. As an example, any pig
product is considered Haram because the material itself is
Haram. Whereas beef from an animal that has not been slaughtered
according to Islamic rites would still be considered Haram. Also Haram
is food that has been stolen or acquired through unethical means. Islam
also prohibits the usage of any materials that are detrimental to the
spiritual or mental well-being of a person, such as alcoholic drinks and
drugs.
 usage OF RAW MATERIAL
MODERN PRODUCT:
1. Fresh 4. Bone & hide
meat product

7.
3. Offal product 6. Imitation pork
2. Meat product 5. Fats as food Pharmaceutical
- liver product
Product
USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL

1. Fresh Meat

There are many types of animals available and these

may or may not be slaughtered according to the
Islamic law. Some of these animals include chicken,
duck, turkey, quail, cattle, goat, sheep, rabbit, venison
USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL
Another important group of
meat products are those using
a mixture of pork and non
2 Meat
. pork raw material. These
include luncheon meat,
Products salamis, various types of
sausages etc. In these
products pork fat is used
instead of beef fat.
Of course these products are
also available in a form which
no pork or lard is added as in
kosher salami and beef
frankfurter’s. There are also
available chicken and turkey
roll. If these products contain
pork or pork products and are
not made from Halal
slaughtered animals Muslims
will not purchase them.
USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL
3. Offal Products

Example of these include liver, lungs, heart, intestines, tripe, brains and blood. Besides
direct consumption, some of these can also be processed into value-added products.
Intestines in their wet or dry form can be used as casings for various types of sausages.

All these must be from animals slaughtered in a Halal manner otherwise the whole product
will not be acceptable. Blood on the other hand is never acceptable under any
circumstance.
 USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL
4. Bone Gelatin which is used in many food preparations is another important
animal product. The main sources are skin and bones. The
and Hide production from skin basically involves an extraction process of
several stages with increasing temperatures, filtration and
Products concentration in a vacuum evaporator.

On the other hand production from bones would involve the removal of
fat, demineralization and extraction with dilute alkali. Besides being a
source of gelatin, bones when converted into bone meal and purified,
is used as a natural source of calcium and phosphorus which can be
used in pediatric food.

The hides of the cattle can be processed into edible crackers, while
chicken and pig skin can be emulsified to be used as ingredients in
the production of emulsion type sausages. Again if the bones and
hides are not from the slaughtered animals these products can not be
accepted. Pork and all pig products are prohibited.
USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL

5. Fats as Apart from lean meat animal fat has been used
as food for man for a long time. Beside being
highly digestible and providing high calories,
fat plays an important role in adding palatability
Food to the lean meat because of the flavor and
aroma it provides.

Fats also carry fat soluble vitamins and have

essential fatty acids and
phospholipid. However, in modern diets, the
consumption of fat, especially saturated fats,
has been reduced drastically for health
reasons.
The processed meat industry uses a lot of
unprocessed fat in the production of various
meat products like burgers, sausages and
other small goods.

Back fat from pigs is used substantially in the

manufacture of sausages and salamis and is
used for frying purposes. Shortening from
animal fat are used in bakeries. Only tallow
and shortening made from the fats of Halal
slaughtered animals can be used
USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL
6. Imitation Pork Products

Bacon and ham are traditional products made from

pork. As such, they are clearly Haram. However, these
products can also be made from beef and lamb
products and are made to resemble the original pork
version.
 USAGE OF RAW MATERIAL

7. Pharmaceutical Products

A number of Classified under

Pharmaceutical products hormones are products
can be obtained from like insulin, glucagon,
Adrenocorticotropin’s
various animal tissues, pituitary gland powdered
most important medical
especially from the extract,
Glucagon is also use in restoring the
glands like pancreas, adrenocorticotropin,
Bovine serum albumin is obtained from the activity of malfunctioning
thyroid, adrenal, pineal thyroid and parathyroid,
sometimes used as a pancreas gland. It raises adrenal glands in human.
as well as organs like insulin is used for the
component of blood sugar levels and It can also be used in the
liver, stomach, lungs and treatment of diabetes.
moisturizing cream and helps counteract insulin treatment of rheumatic
also blood as well as The pancreas gland of
lotions. shock resulting from an disorders such as
other fine chemicals the pigs and cattle are
overdose of insulin. arthritis, and eye
obtained from animals used as the main source
inflammation due to
like bovine serum of insulin although in
allergies.
albumin and gelatin recent years, insulin of
which are classified microbial origin have
under protein. been used.
 REQUIREMENT OF RAW
MATERIAL

To determine the Halal-Haram status of foodstuffs and other material, Islam has laid general
guidelines on this matter, namely:

1. All raw materials and ingredients used must be Halal.

2. Naturally Halal animals such as cattle, goats etc., must be slaughtered according to Islamic
rites, the rituals specify that the act must be performed by a mentally sound Muslim, to sever
the blood and respiratory channels of the animal, using a sharp cutting tool such as knife.

3. The Halal ingredients must not be mixed, or come into contact with haram materials such as
products from pig or dog during storage, transport, cooking, serving etc.
RAW MATERIAL AUDIT
The requirement of halal raw material:
1.Halal sources
2.Non hazarding
3.Non poisoning

The auditor must aware the sources of

halal raw material