Basic Joints

Types of Welds & Weld Symbols

Weld Terminology
Dimensioning of welds
Welding process
Fillet weld and size calculation
Butt weld check
Welding is the process of fusing multiple pieces of metal together
by heating the filler metal to a liquid state

(Or)

Welding is an efficient method of making permanent joints

between two or more metal parts.
Fillet Weld

Plug / Slot Weld

 Square Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld

Single Bevel Groove Weld

 Single V Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single U Groove Weld

Single J Groove Weld

Backing Weld

Spot Weld
 Seam Weld

Edge Weld

Surfacing
 Flat Convex Concave

M MR
Toes blended Permanent Removable
smoothly Backing Strip Backing Strip
Butt Joints

s s
Fillet Welds

5
5
5

a5

5
Fillet Welds

a a a
Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x L(e)

z n x L(e)

L (e) L (e)
Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x L(e)

z n x L(e)

L (e) L (e)

L (e) L (e)
Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
Symmetric Welding on both Sides
Symbols for fillet and similar welds be shown such that the vertical position of
the symbol are indicated on the left hand side of the symbol, Irrespective of
the orientation of the weld metal.

If the welds are to be made on the arrow side of the joint, the corresponding
symbol should be placed either above or below the continuous reference
line.

If the welds are to be made on the other side of a joint ,the corresponding
symbol should be placed above or below the dashed reference line .

If the welds are to be made on both sides of the a joint, the corresponding
symbols should be placed on both sides of the reference line and the dashed
line is not shown .
The arrow of the symbol must point towards the joint which required
welding.

Dimensions of size are indicated in mm without writing the unit mm.

If a weld is to be made all around a joint , a circle should also be placed at the
elbow ,connecting the arrow and the reference line.

If a weld is to have a flush or flat finish , a straight line should be added above
the symbol.

The welding process is indicated , if required ,at the end of the arrow.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is also known as manual, stick, or hand welding
An electric arc is produced between the end of a coated metal electrode and the steel
components to be welded
The electrode is a filler metal covered with a coating
 The electrode’s coating has two purposes:
1. It forms a gas shield to prevent impurities in the atmosphere from getting into the
weld
2. It contains a flux that purifies the molten metal
Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) is also known as MIG welding
It is fast and economical
A continuous wire is fed into the welding gun
Flux Cored Arc Welding(FCAW) is similar to GMAW, but the filler wire has a center
core which contains flux
With this process it is possible to weld with or without a shielding gas (This make sit
useful for exposed conditions where a shielding gas may be affected by the wind)
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is only performed by automatic or semiautomatic
methods
Uses a continuously fed filler metal electrode
Weld pool is protected from the surrounding atmosphere by a blanket of granular
flux fed at the welding gun
Results in a deeper weld penetration than the other process
Only flat or horizontal positions may be used