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DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
INTRODUCTION
What is Globalization?
Globalization encompasses a
multitude of processes that involves the
economy, political systems, and culture.
Social structures, therefore, are directly
affected by globalization.
Over the years, globalization has gained
many connotations pertaining to
progress development, and integration.
On the one hand, some view
globalization as a positive phenomenon.
For instance, Swedish journalist
Larrson (2001) saw globalization as
“the process of world shrinkage, of
distance getting sorter, tings moving
closer. It pertains to the increasing ease
with which somebody on the world”.
Ritzer (2008) claimed tat, in general, the
contemporary world is undergoing the
process of McDonaldization.
McDonaldization involves the global
spread of rational systems, such as
efficiency, calculability, predictability,
and control.
He also pointed out that the process is
“extended to other business, sectors, and
geographic areas”.
And espoused the idea tat globalization
can als0 be seen as a flow of “nothing” as
opposed to “something” involving the
spread of non-places, non-things, non-
people and non-services.
Heterogeneity pertains to the
creation of various cultural practices,
new economies, and political groups
because of the interaction of
elements from different societies in
the worlds.
Heterogeneity refers to the differences
because of either lasting differences or of
the hybrids or combinations of cultures
that can be produced trough the different
transplanetry processes.
According to Roland Robertson in
1992 “the global forces interact wit local
factors or a specific geographic area the
“glocal” is being produced.
Globalization, in contrast to
glocalization, is a process wherein
nations, corporation, etc. impose
themselves on geographic areas in order
to gain profits, power, and so on (Ryan,
2007)
The Task of Globalization
The literature on the definitions of
globalization revealed that the
definitions could classify as either;
Broad and inclusive or
Narrow and exclusive
Robert Cox’s definition suits best in this
type:
“the characteristics of globalization trend
include the internationalizing of production,
the new international division of labour, new
migratory movements from South to North,
the new competitive environment the
accelerates these processes, and the
internationalizing of the state.. making
states into agencies of the globalizing world”
(As cited in RAWOO Netherlands
Development Assistance Research
Council, 2000) A definition of
globalization, the concept is complex and
multifaceted as the definitions deal with
economic, political, or social dimensions.
Generally, this definition assumes that
globalization could bring either or both
integration and/or fragmentation.
Although things flow easily in a global
world, hindrances or structural blocks
are also present. This block could slow
down one’s activity in another country or
could even limit the places a person can
visit.
Why we are studying this concept? How can
we appreciate these definitions? How can
these help us understand globalization?