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Figuring it Out
Figurative and Literal Language
Literal: words function exactly as defined
The boy’s room was messy.
The left fielder dropped the baseball.
Examples
Examples
Flowers of thought blossom while reading
Compares thinking to blossoming flowers
Drink of sweet courage until drunk of it
Compares courage to a liquid drink
She was my lute, by her I sang
Compares the girl to a lute
Personification
Giving human traits to objects or ideas.
Examples
The stars are hiding now
Gives stars the ability to hide.
Or trees that whisper in some far, small town
Gives trees the ability to whisper.
A tree may wear a nest of robins in her hair
Gives the tree hair and the ability to wear things.
Hyperbole
Exaggerating to express a strong feeling
Examples
I will love you until the end of time.
It is unlikely that the speaker will live that long.
My dad would kill me if he knew about this.
Dad probably wouldn’t actually kill his own child.
My book bag weighs a million pounds.
The bag isn’t even close to a million pounds.
Understatement
Expression with less strength than
expected.
The opposite of hyperbole.
Examples
The guillotine will give you a bad hair day.
The results will be much worse than bad hair.
Kidnapping your host is considered rude.
This is a serious crime much worse than rudeness.
ONOMATOPEIA
Examples
1.Six burgers were sizzling on the grill.
2.The hissing of the snake scared me.
3. The bee buzzed to my ears.
IRONY
- a figure of speech which a person is saying
the opposite of what he means
Examples
1.The bad news is that everybody got
perfect in yesterday’s test.
2.It is so nice of you to tell my secrets.
3.It is good of you for scolding me in front of
my friends.
APOSTROPHE
Examples
1. “The pen is mightier than the sword.” pen – the
written word sword – military aggression and
2. We must wait to hear from the crown until we
make any further decisions.
3. Can you please give me a hand carrying this box
up the stairs?
SYNECDOCHE
- May use part of something to represent the
entire whole
- may use the entire thing to represent part of it
Examples:
1. Fifty sails entered the harbor.
2. Two heads are better than one.
3. At the Olympians, you will hear that United
States won gold medal in an event.
ALLITERATION
- characterized by the repetition of initial vowel or
consonant sounds
- great way to help you remember names and
phrases
Examples:
1. Peter piper picked a peck of pickled pepper.
2. Quincy’s quilters quit quilting quickly.
3. Fred’s friends fried Fritos for Friday’s food.
ALLUSION
- a reference made to some familiar fact of history
of literature
Examples:
1. There is no Open Sesame to the treasures of
learning.
2. The girl’s love of sweets was her Achilles’ heel.
3. He was a Romeo with the ladies. 4. David was
being a scrooge!
OXYMORON
- a figure of speech in which a pair of opposite or
contradictory terms is used together for emphasis.
Examples:
1. Ever noticed that it’s simply impossible to find
seriously funny oxymorons online? The only
choice is to ask one of those paid volunteers at
the library for an original copy of some
obviously obscure documents that were found
missing.
ANTITHESIS
- is a figure of speech which refers to the juxtaposition of
opposing or contrasting ideas. It involves the bringing out of a
contrast in the ideas by an obvious contrast in the words,
clauses, or sentences, within a parallel grammatical structure.
Examples:
• 1. "Man proposes, God disposes." - Source unknown.
• "Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing." - Goethe.
• "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
- Neil Armstrong.
• "To err is human; to forgive divine." - Alexander Pope.
• "Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice." - William
Shakespeare.
• "Many are called, but few are chosen." Matthew 22:14.
END
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Quiz
On a separate sheet of paper…