ANGLES AND CIRCLES

by: JOAN A. GECALAO

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 An ANGLE is a plane figure consisting of two rays having the same endpoint.
 The two rays are called the SIDES of the angle, while the common endpoint is
called the ANGLE’S VERTEX.
 The MEASURE OF AN ANGLE is the amount by which the initial side has to
turn so it will coincide with the terminal side.
 An angle is in STANDARD POSITION in the coordinate plane if its vertex is
located at the origin and one ray is on the positive x-axis.
 The ray on the x-axis is called the INITIAL SIDE and the other ray is called the
TERMINAL SIDE.
 INITIAL SIDE is where the angle starts and the TERMINAL SIDE is the ray
where the measurement of the angle stops.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 REVOLUTION (a 360° Angle) is an angle measurement unit. A revolution is a

unit of plane angle, and defined as a full rotation or complete turn around a
circle.
 CENRAL ANGLE is an angle with endpoints and located on a circle’s
circumference and vertex located at the circle’s center.
 COTERMINAL ANGLES are angles who share the same initial side and terminal
side. Finding coterminal angles is as simple as adding or subtracting 360° or 2π to
each angle depending on whether the given angle is in degrees or radians.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 CIRCLE the set of all points on a plane that are a fixed distance from a center.
 RADIUS is the distance from the center outwards.
 DIAMETER goes straight across the circle through the center.
 CIRCUMFERENCE is the distance once around the circle.
 Portions of the circumference of the circle are called the CIRCLE’S ARCS
 SECTOR is the part of a circle enclosed by two radii of a circle and their
intercepted arc.
 Half of a circle is called SEMICIRCLE
 Quarter of a circle is a QUADRANT
EXAMPLE

Sketch the angle in standard position with the given measure. Indicate in which
quadrant the angle lies, if possible, or that is a quadrantal angle, otherwise.
3
1. 4
revolution
1
2. - revolution
6
3. 2 revolutions
5
4. 12
revolutions
7
5. - revolution
8
5
6. 2
revolutions
EXAMPLE

Convert the following angle measures into degrees

3
1. 4
rev
1
2. - rev
6
3. 2rev
5
4. 12
rev
7
5. - rev
8
5
6. 2
rev
EXAMPLE

Sketch the given angle in standard position with the given measure.
1. −120°
2. 990°
7𝜋
3. 4
rad
10𝜋
4. −
3
rad
 LENGTH OF AN ARC OF A CIRCLE
The length s of an arc of a circle of a radius r is subtending a central angle of
measure 𝜃 rad is given by
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
Example:
1. The length of an arc of a circle of radius 16 meters that subtends a
3𝜋 3𝜋
central angle of measure rad is 16 = 12𝜋 or 37.70m.
4 4
2. The measure, in degrees, of the angle subtended by an arc of length
20𝜋 inches in a circle of radius 5 feet is:
20𝜋 𝑖𝑛 180° 20𝜋 𝑖𝑛 180°
rad ∙ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∙ = 60°
5𝑓𝑡 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 5𝑓𝑡∙12𝑖𝑛/𝑓𝑡 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
EXERCISES
1. Find the length of an arc of a circle of radius 16 meters that subtends a central
3
angle of measure revolution.
8
2. Find the radius of the circle whose 10𝜋-inch arc subtends a 150 degree central
angle
3. Complete the table
𝜽 r S
210𝑜 A 43.98 inches
160𝑜 8 yards B
C 13 feet 54.45 feet
2𝜋
rad D 4.88 yards
9
13𝜋 15 inches E
rad
18