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SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES,
IC, TRANSISTOR,
THYRISTOR
SEMICONDUCTOR
• Valence Electron
• Electrons that are in orbits farther from the nucleus have higher energy and
less tightly bound to the atom than those closer to the nucleus.
• The outermost part of the shell is called “valence shell”.
• Ionization
- Process of loosing valence electrons
Semi conductor materials
Germanium GaAs
Silicon CdS
GaN
GaAsP
THYRISTORS
• A type of circuit in which all the components are constructed on a single tiny
chip of silicon.
• The first integrated circuit was developed by Jack Kilby while working at
Texas Instruments in 1958.
• Today, the intel core i7 edition processor has 731 million transistors in a
package that is only slightly larger than a 1.67 sq. inches.
• In 1965, Dr. Gordon E. Moore presented a paper predicting that the
transistor count in a single IC chip would double every two years.
• Now, more than 45 years, later we find that his prediction is amazingly
accurate and expected to continue for the next few decades.
• Miniaturization appears to be limited by four factors: the quality of the
semiconductor material, network design technique, limits of manufacturing and
processing equipment, and strength of the innovative spirit in semiconductor
industry.