WHAT IS MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY?

•A TERM ADOPTED BY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION

TO REFER TO BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR
THE MANIPULATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL AND THE
FUSION OF CELLS BEYOND NORMAL BREEDING
BARRIERS
KARL EREKY
•HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER
•FIRST TO USE THE TERM “BIOTECHNOLOGY” 1919
•REFER TO THE SCIENCE AND METHODS THAT PERMITS
PRODUCTS TO BE PRODUCED FROM RAW MATERIALS WITH
THE AID OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS.
•THE DISCOVERY THAT GENES ARE MADE UP OF DNA
AND CAN BE ISOLATED, COPIES AND MANIPULATED
HAS LED TO A NEW ERA OF MODERN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
•DNA PROFILING
•DNA CLONING
•TRANSGENESIS
•GENOME ANALYSIS
•STEM CELLS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
•XENOTRANSPLANTATION
DNA PROFILING
•A FORENSIC TECHNIQUE IN CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
•ALSO USED IN PARENTAGE TESTING, ESTABLISH
IMMIGRATION ELIGIBILITY AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
DNA CLONING

•MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUE THAT MAKES

MANY IDENTICAL COPIES OF A PIECE OF DNA
TRANSGENESIS
•THE PROCESS OF INTRODUCING A GENE FROM ONE
ORGANISM INTO THE GENOME OF ANOTHER
ORGANISM
•THE AIM RESULT IS THAT THE ORGANISM WILL
EXPRESS THE GENE AND EXHIBIT SOME NEW
PROPERTY OR CHARACTERISTICS
GENOME ANALYSIS
•THE IDENTIFICATION, MEASUREMENT OR
COMPARISON OF GENOMIC FEATURES SUCH AS DNA
SEQUENCE, STRUCTURAL VARIATION, GENE
EXPRESSION
STEM CELLS
•CELLS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DEVELOP INTO MANY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS IN THE BODY.
•SERVE AS THE REPAIR SYSTEM FOR THE BODY
TISSUE ENGINEERING

•INVOLVES THE USE OF A TISSUE SCAFFOLD FOR THE FORMATION OF

NEW VIABLE TISSUE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
XENOTRANSPLANTATION

• THE PROCESS OF GRAFTING OR TRANSPLANTING ORGANS OR TISSUES BETWEEN MEMBERS OF

DIFFERENT SPECIES
IMPORTANT ROLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
•MEDICINE
•GENE MODIFICATION AND TRANSGENESIS ARE USED TO PRODUCE
THERAPEUTIC HUMAN PROTEINS IN CELLS OR WHOLE ORGANISMS
•MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY INVOLVE MANIPULATING VACCINES SO
THEY ARE MORE EFFECTIVE OR CAN BE DELIVERED BY DIFFERENT
ROUTES
EXAMPLES
•GENE THERAPY ARE DEVELOPED TO TREAT DISEASES LIKE CANCER,
PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS
•HUMAN INSULIN, A SMALL PROTEIN USED TO TREAT DIABETES AND IS
MADE FROM GENETICALLY ENGINEERED BACTERIA
•ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES ARE PRODUCTS OF MICROORGANISMS
THAT ARE USED TO TREAT DISEASES
•XENOTRANSPLANTATION
AGRICULTURE
•PLANTS AND ANIMALS CAN BE IMPROVED SELECTIVELY BREEDING FOR
PARTICULAR TRAITS OR BY GENETIC MODIFICATION
•SELECTIVE BREEDING – THE PROCESS BY WHICH HUMANS USE
ANIMAL AND PLANT BREEDING TO SELECTIVELY DEVELOP PARTICULAR
TRAITS BY CHOOSING WHICH TYPICAL ANIMAL OR PLANT MALES AND
FEMALES WILL SEXUALLY REPRODUCE AND HAVE OFFSPRING
TOGETHER
EXAMPLES