GROUP 5

1. Andre Nugrahanto
2. Dwi Krisma D
3. Fariza Ilham
4. Febriana Lukita W
5. Minarti Panjukang
6. Okta Fiyanti
7. Puput Istu W
KIDNEY
 DEFINITION
The kidneys are excretory organs in vertebrates that are shaped
like peanuts. In adult humans, the kidney is about 11
centimeters in length. The kidneys receive blood from a pair
of renal arteries, and blood comes out through the renal vein.
Each kidney is related to the ureter, the tube that carries urine
out to the bladder.
 THE LOCATION
• The kidneys (renal) are located along the back muscle wall
(posterior muscles) of the abdominal cavity. The shape of this
organ is similar to a bean that is about the size of a fist, about
12 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.
 ANATOMY
• In general, human kidney anatomy consists of three parts,
namely :
1. The renal cortex
2. Renal medulla
3. Renal pelvis.
 HOW THE KIDNEYS WORK
1. Urine formation is initially preceded by a blood filtration process. This process is carried
out by the glomerulus of blood flowing from the aorta through the renal arteries to the
malphigi body. Then, the filtered waste (primary urine) containing water, glucose, salt,
and urea is stored in a Bowman capsule.
2. Furthermore, primary urine will be flowed into the collecting ducts. When this is flowed
urine will experience the stages of reabsorption (absorption). Various substances that can
still be used, such as glucose, amino acids, and salt will be absorbed again by the
proximal tubule and the loop of Henle. Well, this absorption will produce secondary urine
that has high urea levels.
3. After that, the final process of forming urine is augmentation or secretion. Secondary
urine will flow into the distal tubule through the blood capillaries to release various
substances that are no longer useful to the body. This augmented urine is actually urine
and stored in the bladder.
4. When the bladder is full of urine, the nerves around the bladder send signals to the brain.
When the signal is received by the brain, there will be a feeling of wanting to urinate.
 VARIOUS KIDNEY DISEASES
• Various problems with this organ filtering bodily fluids,
which may occur include:
1. Acute kidney failure
2. Kidney stones
3. Glomerulonephritis
4. Acute nephritis
5. Urinary tract infection
6. Acidosis
7. Uremia
8. Polycystic Kidney (PKD)
9. Chronic kidney failure
 TYPES OF EXAMINATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

1. Blood test
2. Urine test
 VARIOUS WAYS TO MAINTAIN KIDNEY HEALTH
So that kidney function remains normal, there are various healthy ways
you can do, namely:
1. Avoid salty foods
2. Regular exercise
3. Meet the needs of body fluids
4. Pay attention to the drugs consumed
5. Stay away from risk factors and stop smoking