NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN WITH PHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS

CHILDREN WITH
HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
Function of Blood
 Erythrocytes (RBC)
Function: transport oxygen and carry carbon
dioxide from body cells
 Hemoglobin –component of RBC that allow to
carry out the transport of oxygen
 Leukocytes (WBC)
Function: defense against antigen invasion
 Thrombocytes ( Platelets)
-principal function of platelets is to prevent
bleeding
DISORDERS OF RBC
Iron Deficiency Anemia
 Intake of dietary iron is inadequate
 Most often between ages 9 months and 3 years
old
 Pallor, irritability, fatigue
 Hemoglobin is below normal range less than 11
g/dL
Diagnosis

 Blood tests
 Hemoglobin and hematocrit
 Complete blood count
 Peripheral smear
 Iron studies
Treatment
The AAP recommends the following to prevent
iron-deficiency anemia:
 Beginning at 4 months of age, infants that are
only breastfed or partially breastfed should be
given a daily iron supplement until they begin
eating iron-rich foods.
 Infants and toddlers from 1 to 3 years old should
have foods rich in iron. They include cereal that
has iron added, red meats, and vegetables with
iron. Fruits with vitamin C are also important.
The vitamin C helps the body absorb the iron.
Sickle-Cell Anemia

 Sickled cells only live

for about 6 to 20 days
 an inherited blood
disorder
 Usually, there are no
clinical symptoms
prior to 6 months
 Hgb is usually 6 to 9
g/dL
Symptoms
 Colic in infants
 Weak bones or spinal
defect
 Renal failure
 Heart failure
 Dactylitis
 Priapism
How is sickle cell
diagnosed?
 Hemoglobin electrophoresis
 Blood tests
 Sickle cell test
Management
1. Drug therapy
 Hydroxyurea- to increase the production of
hemoglobin F
 Acetaminophen – pain relief
 Narcotic analgesics such as IV morphine
2. Exchange transfusion
3. Bed rest
4. Keep wounds clean and dry
5. Avoid extraneous activities
DISORDER OF BLOOD
COAGULATION
 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic
Purpura
Increased destruction of the platelets with a
platelet count of less than 100,000/mm3

Symptoms
•Petechiae
•Ecchymosis
•Blood (any body parts
secretions)
How is AIHA Treatment
diagnosed?  Platelet transfusion
 Complete blood count  Drug therapy
 Blood smear
DISORDER OF THE WBC
Leukemia
 is a cancer of the white blood cells
 Uncontrolled proliferation of wbc

Symptoms:
 Pallor
 Low-grade fever
 Lethargy
Diagnosis

 Blood tests
 Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Treatment
Chemotherapy is the main treatment
THANK YOU!