 WAP is designed for access to Internet and advance

telephony services from mobile phone.

 WAP pays proper sensitivity to constraints of device
like small display, limited key on keypad, no pointer
device like mouse etc.
 Independent of their network, bearer and terminals user
will be able to access Internet and corporate Internet
service while being mobile.
 Though WAP can be used from a variety of networks ,
GPRS and 3G networks are more suitable for these
application.
 The first and foremost application is accessing
the Internet from mobile devices.
 Games can be played from mobile devices over
wireless devices.
 Mobile hand-sets can be used to access time
sheets and fill expenses claims.
 Online banking via mobile phones will be very
popular if implemented in secure way.
 Services like locating WAP customers
geographically, providing weather and traffic
alerts are possible using WAP.
 The primary goal of WAE is to provide an interoperable
environment to build service in wireless space.

 It covers system architecture relating to user agent,

networking schemes, contents formats, programming
language and shared services based on WWW technology.

 WAP request from browser is routed through a WAP gateway.

 The gateway acts as an intermediary between client and

network through a wireless last mile.

 The gateway does encoding and decoding of data transferred

from and to mobile user agent.
Client Web Server
WAP Gateway
WML

with WMLScript
CGI
WML Encoder

WML Decks
WML- Scripts
WSP/WTP WMLScript
HTTP etc.
Script
Compiler
WTAI
Content
Protocol Adapters
Etc.
 User Agent:
• It works on behalf of user.
• In WAE context, user agent is the user facing browsing
software
• In WAE this is generally referred to as micro browser
• WAE does not formally specifies the functionality of any
user.
• WAE is not limited to a WML user agent.
• WAE allows integration of domain specific user agent as
well.
 Wireless Mark-up Language:
• Tag-based browsing language:
• Screen management (text, images)
• Data input (text, selection lists, etc.)
• Hyperlinks & navigation support
• XML-based language (Inherits technology from HTML)
• Implements deck and card metaphor.
• Deck is a logical representation of document.
• Deck are made up of multiple cards.
• Each WML card in a deck perform a specific task for a
particular user interaction.
 WML EXAMPLE:

<WML>
<CARD id=“n1” title=“card1”>
<p> Hello world </p>
</CARD>

<CARD id=“n2” title="card2">

<p> welcome to WML </p>
</CARD>
</WML>
 WML SCRIPT:
• It is an extended subset of JavaScript.

 Key features:
• JavaScript-based scripting language.
• Procedural logic
• Compiled implementation
• Integrated into WAE
• International support
 Wireless Telephony Application:
• WAP provide WATI (wireless telephony application interface)
function to create Telephony Application.

• This is achieved through a wireless telephony

application(WTA) user agent using appropriate WTAI
function.

• There are different library function to do different telephony

function:
 voice call control
 Network Text
 phone book
 Call Logs
 WAP Push Architecture:
• In a normal client/server model , a client requests for a
service or information from a server.
• Then server provides response to request by transmitting
information back to client. This is referred as pull
technology where client pulls information from the server.
• WAP offer push technology in that there is no explicit
request from client before server transmits its contents.
• This can be termed as unsolicited response.
• It may even wait for the client to accept or reject.
WIRELESS SESSION PROTOCOL
 WSP Provides the application layer of WAP with a
consistent interface for two session services.
 A connection-oriented service that operates above
the transaction layer protocol WTP.
 A connectionless service that operates above a
secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP).

 It provides the client/server application to:

• Establish a reliable session from client to server
and close it in an orderly fashion
• Agree on a common protocol
• Exchange content between client and server
• Suspend and resume the session.
WIRELESS TRANSACTION
PROTOCOL
 Provide efficient request/reply based transport mechanism
suitable for devices with limited resources over networks
with low to medium bandwidth.
 WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a
client without request.
 WDP uses less than half of the packets that TCP/IP
uses to transfer the same amount of data.

 WTP provides following features

 Unreliable one way requests
 Reliable one way request
 Reliable two way request-reply transaction
WIRELESS TRANSPORT LAYER
SECURITY
 A security protocol based upon the industry- standard
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly
known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
 WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport
protocols and has been optimized for use over
narrow-band communication channels.
 WTLS provide features such as:
• Data integrity
• Privacy
• Authentication
• Denial-of-service protection
WIRELESS DATA PROTOCOL
 The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture

 Provides a common interface to the Security, Session,

and Application layers

 WDP uses IP as routing protocol ,unlike the web , WAP

does not use TCP .Instead it uses UDP which does not
require message to be spilt into multiple packets, and sent
out only to be reassembled on the client.

 Allows these upper layers to function independently of

the underlying wireless network. This is the key to global
interoperability.