DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Presented by:
Vrunda Shah(IU1640190038)
Kangan Shukla(IU1641090040)
Varun Singh(IU1640190041)
Kanchi Soni(IU1641090042)
Sparsh Mehta(IU1641090043)
Disaster safe designs
• Earthquakes

• Landslides

• Floods

• Cyclones
Earthquake safe designs
• The building should have a simple
rectangular plan.
• Long walls should be supported by
reinforced concrete columns.
• Door and window openings involves
should be preferably be small and
more centrally located
• The location of the openings should
not be too close to the edge of the
wall.
• Vertical reinforcements should be
provided at corners and junctions of
walls, It shall be passing through the
lintel bands and floor slabs
Landslide safe design
• The potential for the landslides and development erosion can
be gradely reduced or prevented with proper development,
proper construction techniques, seasonal inspections, regular
maintenance of drainage facilities.
• Keep the surface drainage water away from vulnerable areas
such as steep slopes, loose soils and non vegetated soils.
• Improve soils ability to resist erosion by stabilizing slopes by
increasing vegetation and trees.
• Collect and direct water from dried ways, non vegetated
surfaces into catch basins and confined water flow in drainage
pipe such as ditch, dry well, gutter, natural drainage or holding
pond.
Flood safe designs
• Avoid residing on river banks and slopes on river sides.
• Build at least 250 mts away from the sea coast/ river banks.
• In dry weather conditions, the ground area could be fenced.
• Construct the whole village or settlement on a raised
platform, higher than the higher flood level.
• Construct the building with a plinth level higher than the
known high flood level.
• Build proper drainage systems in all flood prone areas, so that
water can be drained off quickly without getting accumulated.
 Disaster House

-Gregg Fleishman designed this

disaster-proof home with slotted
plywood.
-The building material contains fibers
that have the following allowable
stresses:
Bending – 3600 psi
Compression – 2500 psi
Shear Stress – 100 psi
Modulus of Elasticity – 2,200,000 psi.
-Just having strength is not enough
though. The house needs to be
flexible too, which is the case with
this house due to its adaptability to
several types of disasters including
high magnitude earthquakes.
 Tornado Proof House
• One of the coolest
disaster-proof-home
concepts we have for
you is this tornado-proof
house, devised by the
firm 10 Design. The
house has a mentality of
a turtle; just like the
turtle sneaks its
vulnerable head into its
shell during danger, the
tornado-proof house
digs itself into the
ground when it senses
speedy winds.
 Cyclone safe designs
• In cyclonic regions, closed to the coast
site above the likely more level should
be given preference.
• For individual buildings a circular or
polygonal plans shape is preferred
over rectangular or square plans.
• Doors and windows should have strong
closing/locking arrangements and
glass/ wooden panels be securely
fixed.
• Reduce the size of panel and provide a
metallic fabric outside thee panels.
• Provide proper locking arrangements
of shutters securely fix the frames to
walls.
Steps for development
regulations
• For the safety of construction, we must ensure that its a good
quality product.
• Manuals need to be developed outlining methodologies for
new construction.
• Identification of the vulnerable buildings in the state.
• Building structures on the firm ground or stiff soil because
stiff soil loose there strength with strong vibrations.
• Helping in purchasing of the safe sides for the constructions.
• Priority of buildings according to their importance.
• The govt. Shall support these initiatives by providing technical
guidance to rebuild houses that can sustenance against
shaking of the earth quake.
Structural Mitigation
Structural measures are any physical construction to reduce or
avoid possible impacts of hazards, or the application of
engineering techniques or technology to achieve hazard resistance
and resilience in structures or systems.
It is the physical changes or act of protection from disasters or
hazards. For example, structural mitigation would be when a family
reinforces there home to make it more wind proof, or earthquake
proof. In addition, other structural mitigation examples would be
things like creating a sandbag barrier around the home when a
flood might occur. In general structural mitigation is the direct
actions that people take, build, or move in order to better preserve
their life and or property.
Structural Mitigation Measures
o Resistant construction
o Building codes and regulatory measures
o Relocation
o Structural modification
o Physical modification
o Lintel Beam
o Column
o Masonry Wall
o Plinth Beam/Bend
o Foundation
o Corrosion
Non-Structural Mitigation
• Non-structural measures are measures not involving physical
construction which use knowledge, practice or agreement to
reduce disaster risks and impacts, in particular through policies
and laws, public awareness raising, training and education.
• It involves what people can do on a personal level that is not
structurally or physically evident as a protective defense such as
a surge wall or a storm shelter. Non- structural mitigation in
general would involve things such as having flood insurance. In
addition another example would be a family creating a family
emergency plan. Any mental preparedness, training, insurance,
discussion, and planning would be considered items of non-
structural mitigation.
Non Structural Mitigation
Measures
o Information, education and communication tools (flood maps, public
presentations, collaborative platforms etc.)
o Spatial planning (flood risk adapted land use)
o Building regulation and improvement of building flood resistance (wet-
proofing and dry-proofing)
o Flood action plans at a local scale (infrastructure maintenance)
o Financial preparedness (insurance of residual risk and reserve
funds)
o Emergency response (evacuation and rescue plans,
forecasting and warning services)
o Recovery measures (disaster recovery plans, financial
provisions of government)
Science and Technology Institutions for
Disaster Management
• India Meteorological Department
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an agency
of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India.
It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological
observations, weather forecasting and seismology.
It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and
distribution of warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northern
Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of
Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
The IMD launched System of Aerosol Monitoring and
Research (SAMAR) in January 2016 to study the concentration
of Black carbon, radiative properties of aerosols,
environmental visibility and their climatological impacts.
 • Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services
INCOIS is mandated to provide the best possible ocean
information and advisory services to society, industry, government
agencies and the scientific community through sustained ocean
observations and constant improvements through systematic and
focused research.
Potential Fishing Zone
This is the first advisory service started by INCOIS . This
service was started because there was a need to identify the potential
fishing zones to help the fishermen to get better catch while they were
at the sea.
Tsunami Early Warning System
In the aftermath of Sumatra earthquake in 2004 and the
killer tsunami it set off, the Government of India wanted to set up an
early warning centre for tsunami and other storm surges in the Indian
Ocean regional. On 15 October 2007, a centre housing the Indian
Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) was established in INCOIS
by the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
 • Department of Atomic Energy
DAE is a department directly under the Prime Minister
of India with headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
DAE has been engaged in the development of nuclear
power technology, applications of radiation technologies in the
fields of agriculture, medicine, industry and basic research.
• Geological Survey of India.
The Geological Survey of India (GSI), founded in 1851.
It is a Government of India Ministry of Mines organization,
one of the oldest of such organizations in the world for
conducting geological surveys and studies of India.
also the prime provider of basic earth science
information to government, industry and general public, as well
as the official participant in steel, coal, metals, cement, power
industries
Disaster Safe Design and
Construction
• Earthquake Safe Design and Construction
• Landslide Safe Design and Construction
• Flood Safe Design and Construction
• Cyclone Safe Design and Construction
Earthquake Safe Design and
Construction
• The building should have a simple rectangular plan.
• Long walls should be supported by reinforced concrete
columns.
• Door and window openings in walls should preferably be small
and more centrally located.
• The location of the openings should not be too close to the
edge of the wall.
• Vertical reinforcements should be provided at corners and
junctions of walls. It shall be passing through the lintel bands
and floor slabs.
Due to poor Planning
Landslide Safe Design and
Construction
• The potential for the landslides and development erosion can
be greatly reduced or prevented with proper development,
proper construction techniques, seasonal inspections and
regular maintenance of drainage facilities.
• Keep the surface drainage water away from vulnerable areas,
such as steep slopes, loose soils and non-vegetated surfaces.
• Collect and direct water from driveways, non-vegetated
surfaces, into catch basins, and confine water flow in drainage
pipe such as ditch, drywell, gutter, natural drainage or holding
pond.
• Improve soil`s ability to resist erosion by stabilizing slopes by
increasing vegetation and tress.
Due to poor Implementation
Flood Safe Design and
Construction
• Avoid residing on river banks and slopes on river side`s.
• Build at least 250meters away from the seacoast/river banks.
• Build proper drainage system in all flood prone areas, so that
the water can be drained off quickly to prevent accumulation.
• Construct the building with a plinth level higher than the
known high flood level.
• Construct the whole village or settlement on a raised platform
higher than the high flood level.
• Construct buildings on columns with wall-free space at ground
level permitting the free flow of water, provided that columns
are circular and strong.
• In dry weather condition the ground area could be fenced.
Again, Ineffective planning
Cyclone Safe Design and
Construction
• In cyclonic regions, close to the coast, a site above the likely
inundation(more) level should be given preference.
• For individual buildings, a circular or polygonal plan shape is
preferred over rectangular or square plans.
• Where building is constructed on columns, it is necessary that
columns are properly braced on both the directions.
• Doors and windows should have strong closing/locking
arrangements and glass/wooden panels be securely fixed.
• Reduce the size of the panel and provide a metallic fabric
outside the panels.
• Provide proper locking arrangements of shutters. Securely fix
the frames to walls.
• The roof projections should be kept minimum (not exceeding
500mm), or else, are tied down adequately.
Thank You for Listening