REACTION RATE

Lady Boangmanalu
4123332008
CESP 2012
What we will learn today?

• The molarity of solution

• What is the meaning of the reaction rate

• The correlation of collision and

activation energy to reaction rate.

• The factors that affect the rate of reaction

 Molarity
Molarity is a unit of concentration which
specifies the number of moles of solute in 1 liter
of solution.

Molarity (M) is equal to the number of

moles (n) of the solute divided by the volume
(v) solution.

n gr 1000
M  M x
V Mr V
Example

98 g sulfuric acid dissolved in 500 ml of

solution, the density of the solution 1.1 g / ml.
Calculate the molarity (M)!
Dilution

Dilution causes the concentration changes

with the formula:

V1M1  V2 M 2
 Reaction Rate
The Reaction Rate for a given
chemical reaction is the measure of the
change in concentration of the reactants
or the change in concentration of the
products per unit time. [ M ]
V
t
2A + B → 3C + D

VA = Rate of the decreasing A concentration

per unit of time.
VB = Rate of the decreasing B concentration
per unit of time.
VC = Rate of the increasing C concentration
per unit of time.
VD = Rate of the increasing D concentration
per unit of time.
For reaction A + B → C
The formulation of the reaction rate is:
V =k.[A]m.[B]n

where:
k = reaction rate constant
m = order of reaction for A
n = order of reaction for B
Order reakasi total = m + n
Suppose the experimental data obtained for the reaction:
NO(g) + Cl2(g)  NOCl2(g)
Data obtained as follows:

Exp [NO] M [Cl2] M V M/s

1 0,1 0,1 4
2 0,1 0,2 16
3 0,2 0,1 8
4 0,3 0,3 ?
Formulation of the reaction rate for the reaction is:
V = k.[NO]m.[Cl2]n

Order NO = m Order Cl2 = n

Exp. 1 and 3 Exp. 1 and 2

[ NO]m  V [Cl2 ]n  V
m
 [ NO]3  V  [Cl2 ]2
n

   3  
V2
 [Cl ]  
 [ NO]1  V1
m
 2 1  V1
 0,2  8 n
    0,2  16
 0,1  4   
 0,1  4
2m  2
2n  4
m 1
n2
 9
So the reaction rate equation:

V=k.[NO]1.[Cl2]2

k is obtained by inserting a value of the experimental data

V
k
[ NO].[Cl2 ]2
4
k
0,1.0,12
k  4.103 M  2 s 1
So reaction rate in 4th exp is:

V= k.[NO].[Cl2]2
V= 4.103.0,3. 0,32
V= 108 Ms-1
COLLISION
Chemical reactions can occur when
there is a collision between reactant
particles with each other.

But not all collisions can produce a

reaction. Collisions that produce a
reaction is the effective collision.
 Criteria energy for effective collision is to have
enough energy or at least equal to the activation
energy (activation / Ea).

Activation energy, Ea is the minimum energy

required for the course of a reaction (to form
molecules / active compound).
 Factors that affect the reaction rate

1. Concentration

2. Temperature

3. Surface Area

4. Catalytic
1. Concentration
Reaction rate increases with
concentration, as described by the rate
law and explained by collision theory.

As reactant concentration increases,

the frequency of collision increases. So, the
bigger in concentration, the faster the
reaction that occur.
Where in a higher possibility of a collision occurs,
the quiet streets or crowded streets?

Or ?
Example
Reaction of magnesium ribbon with
hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.1M) slower
than the reaction of magnesium ribbon
with hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.5M) due
to the influence of the concentration of
both.
2. Temperature
The bigger the increasing of
temperature, the faster the reaction will occur.

The increase in temperature can

accelerate the reaction rate as the temperature
increases, the kinetic energy of the particles
increases the substances that allow the
increasing number of effective collisions that
produce changes.
The formula Vt  V0 .( x) n

Where:

Vt = the rate of reaction at a temperature t

Vo = reaction rate at the initial temperature (to)

x = large increase in the rate per scale temperature

n = large increase in temperature

Example
Quantitative relationship to the temperature change in the reaction
rate determined from an experiment, for example, obtained the
following data:

Temp (oC) Reaction rate (M/s)

10 0,3
20 0,6
30 1,2
40 2,4
t Vt
 From the data obtained by the relationship:
Any increase in temperature of 10 ° C, the rate of
increase 2 times the original, it can be formulated
mathematically:
t t0
Vt  V0 .2 10
Example

Reaction of 0.1M sodium thiosulfate

solution with hydrochloric acid 0.1M in
the same concentration but with
different temperatures. The higher the
temperature,the faster the rate will be.
3. Surface Area
The surface area accelerate the reaction
rate because the surface area, the more parts of
substances collide and the greater the chance
of collision effectively produce changes

The more surface area, the smaller the

particle size of the substance. So the smaller
the particle size of a substance, the reaction
would be even faster.
Example:

Separated
Reaction of Calcium carbonate
crystal (CaCO3) and Calcium
carbonate powder (CaCO3) reacted
with hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.5 M)
different because of the influence of
particle size.
4. Catalyst

Catalysts are substances that can

accelerate the reaction rate.
 QUIZ
1. From the reaction was found that a temperature rise of 10 °
C can increase the reaction rate for 2 times. Appropriate
description for this event is ...

a. average energy particles that act increased to 2 ×

b. the average speed of the particles that act increased to 2 ×
c. the number of particles that have a minimum energy
increased to 2 ×
d. collision frequency increased to 2 ×
e. activation energy increased to 2 ×
D
2. At a reaction temperature of 25°C was raised to 75°C.
If every 10°C increase in speed to 2 times faster, the
speed of the reaction above into ... times faster.
a. 8
b. 10
c. 16
d. 32
e. 64
D
3. Limestone in the form of chunks reacts with HCL is
slower than in the form of powder. This indicates that the
reaction rate is influenced by ...
a. states of matter
b. kinds of substances
c. properties of substances
d. surface area
e. origin of substances
D
4. The increase in temperature generally increase
the reaction. Good reason to explain it is ...
a. kinetic energy of the molecules decreases
b. increase in temperature resulted in
reversible reaction
c. speed of each molecule to be the same
d. kinetic energy of the molecules increases
e. minimize temperature rise of the activation
energy
D
5. Reaction: 2NO (g) + 2H2(g)
→ N2(g) + 2H2O (g)
Data:

Reaction order of the data.....

A. 2
B. 1
C. 4
D. 0
E. 3
A
 THANK YOU

SEE YOU NEXT WEEK