ANIMAL ADAPTATION

ADAPTATION
- APPARENTLY DESIGNED FEATURE OF AN ORGANISM, THAT HAS EVOLVED BY NATURAL
SELECTION OVER NUMEROUS GENERATIONS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF SURVIVAL AND
REPRODUCTION FACED BY THE ORGANISM’S ANCESTORS.
- SPECIAL STRUCTURES OF ANIMALS THAT HELP THEM STAY ALIVE IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
CAMOUFLAGE – IS A KIND OF DISGUISE SO THAT
BLENDING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IS POSSIBLE.

CRYPTIC COLORATION – IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL

ADAPTATION THAT CANNOT BE DETERMINE WHEN
AN ORGANISM BLEND WITH ITS ENVIRONMENT.

PURPOSE OF CRYPTIC COLORATION

• HELPS ANIMALS HIDE FROM THEIR NATURAL
ENEMIES.
HOW ADAPTATIONS COME
ABOUT: NATURAL SELECTION

Galápagos Finches
Mechanisms of Adaptation
 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- PROCESS BY WHICH CHLOROPHYLL-CONTAINING
ORGANISMS—GREEN PLANTS, ALGAE, AND SOME
BACTERIA—CAPTURE ENERGY IN THE FORM OF LIGHT AND
CONVERT IT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY.

- IT INVOLVES THE SYNTHESIS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND

WATER IN THE PRESENCE OF SUNLIGHT.
 THE RAW MATERIALS NEEDED IN FOOD MAKING PROCESS
OF PLAN

CHLOROPHYLL
CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLVED MINERALS FROM THE SOIL
WATER
 WHAT MAKES THE LEAF GREEN?

CHLOROPHYLL, PIGMENT IN PLANTS THAT GIVES THEM THEIR GREEN COLOR AND THAT ABSORBS THE LIGHT
NECESSARY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS, THE CHEMICAL REACTION THAT CONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMICAL
ENERGY. CHLOROPHYLL ABSORBS MAINLY RED, VIOLET, AND BLUE LIGHT AND REFLECTS GREEN LIGHT. THE
GREAT ABUNDANCE OF CHLOROPHYLL IN LEAVES AND ITS OCCASIONAL PRESENCE IN OTHER PLANT
TISSUES, SUCH AS STEMS, CAUSES THESE PLANT PARTS TO APPEAR GREEN.

CHLOROPLASTS tiny green,

spherical structures in a leaf tissue
  THE END PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS A FORM OF
SUGAR AND THE BY-PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS
OXYGEN.
SUNLIGHT

WATER VAPOR (OXYGEN)

GLUCOSE/
SUGAR WATER
CHLOROPHYLL

CARBON DIOXIDE ENTERS TO THE

STOMATA
 IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS

PRIMARILY PLANTS ARE USED FOR FOOD.

 PARTS OF PLANTS USED FOR FOOD

FRUIT SEED STEM

FLOWER LEAF ROOT

List 10 plants and dentify the part/s that are used for food.

Plant Fruit Flower Seed Leaf Stem Root

1. Kangkong √ √
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
 Katingkaran at Kalamlaman ng kulay

3 SANGKAP NG KULAY

1. HUE O KATAWAGAN NG KULAY

2. KAPUSYAWAN O KADILIMAN
3. KATINGKARAN O KALAMLAMAN
HUE O KATAWAGAN NG KULAY
 BERDE
 DALANDAN
 LILA
 ASUL
 PULA
 DILAW
 KAPUSYAWAN O KADILIMAN
BERDE + PULA =
DALANDAN + ASUL =
DILAW + LILA =
 KATINGKARAN O KALAMLAMAN

PULA + BERDE =
DALANDAN + ASUL =
 Parts of a Complete Flower
NAMIB SAHARA DESERT
DESERT

DESERT
BIOME
TROPICAL RAINFORESTS
- ARE FORESTS THAT GROW IN HOT AND WET AREAS.

Tropical Rainforest Biome

 Trees are so closed together
 Their leaves form a kind of canopy
 Below this canopy, young trees, palms, and shrubs grow in the dim light.
 A great variety of unusual plants are found
 More than half the planet’s animal species live in them.

Canopy – shelter, covering, shade

Amazon River Basin Rio Grande Congo River
South America Mexico and Central America Africa

TROPICAL RAINFOREST BIOME

 TYPES OF RAINFORESTS
Equatorial Rainforest Montane Forest Monsoon Rainforest

Peat and Swamp Forest Mangrove

 Put a check mark before the number if the plant or animal is found in a
rainforest and cross if it is not.

______1. TREES
______ 2. BUSHES
______ 3. GRASSES
______ 4. SHRUBS
______ 5. FERNS
______ 6. WILD ANIMALS
______ 7. WORMS
______ 8. INSECTS
______ 9. BIRDS
______ 10. MANGROVES
CLASSIFYING PLANTS
 CLASSIFYING PLANTS MAY BE ON THE BASIS OF THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF
VASCULAR TISSUES.
 PLANTS ARE GROUPED INTO TWO MAJOR GROUPS:
BRYOPHYTES – NONVASCULAR PLANTS
TRACHEOPHYTES – VASCULAR PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF BRYOPHYTES
 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS

MAJOR FEATURES
1. TINY OR MINUTE IN SIZE
2. LACK VASCULAR TISSUES TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS
3. LACK TRUE ROOTS, STEMS OR LEAVES
 EXAMPLES OF TRACHEOPHYTES
FERNS, CONIFER, SEQUOIA, GINKGO

FEATURES:
1. POSSES VASCULAR TISSUE
2. HAVE TRUE ROOTS, STEMS AND LEAVES
3. LEAD A MORE COMPLETE LAND LIFE THAN BRYOPHYTES
 GYMNOSPERMS – PLANTS THAT HAVE SEEDS WHICH DEVELOP
UNPROTECTED ON THE SCALES OF CONES.
EX. CONIFERS, SEQUOIA, GINKGO
 ANGIOSPERMS – FLOWERING PLANTS, POSSESS SOME OF THE
BASIC FEATURES OF CONIFERS.
EX. FLOWERING PLANTS, TREES AND GRASSES.
 CHANGES IN MATTER

MATTER- IN SCIENCE, GENERAL TERM APPLIED TO ANYTHING THAT

OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS THE ATTRIBUTES OF GRAVITY AND INERTIA.
 CHANGES IN MATTER
2 CHANGES
1. PHYSICAL CHANGE
2. CHEMICAL CHANGE
PHYSICAL CHANGE - WHEN FORCE IS APPLIED, MATTER MAY CHANGE IN SIZE, OR SHAPE. HOWEVER
THE MATERIAL IS STILL THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL ALTHOUGH A CHANGE IN SIZE OR SHAPE IS OBSERVED.

CHEMICAL CHANGE – WHEN HEAT IS APPLIED, MATTER MAY CHANGE ITS STATE.
EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGE
 Pounding of grains
 Pruning of leaves
 Piling of books
EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
BURNING OF PAPER
HEATING OF WATER
 CHANGES IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
 DEFORESTATION

THE 2003 DENR REPORT STATED THAT ONLY 24% OF

THE PHILIPPINE LAND AREA WERE FORESTED. THIRTY
YEARS AGO, 76% OF THE PHILIPPINE LAND AREA WERE
COVERED WITH FORESTS.
IF THE PEOPLE WILL CONTINUOUSLY DESTROY THE
FORESTS THROUGH ILLEGAL LOGGING ACTIVITIES, THE
ASSURANCE OF SURVIVAL OF LIVING ORGANISMS
BECOME SMALLER AND SMALLER.
 Changes in Our Environment Caused by Deforestation
There is no longer a good root Logging frequently damages more
system to anchor the topsoil or trees than it removes.
decaying plant matter to replenish
its nutrients. Global warming resulting to
climate change
Large areas of forest for
agricultural and other purposes, Natural calamities are much more
causes an enormous amount of severe
environmental damage.
Global increase in carbon dioxide
Destroys animal habitats and
greatly accelerates erosion,
adding to the sediment loads of
rivers and making seasonal
flooding much more severe.