Modul 1

Konsep Sistem Informasi

Manajemen
SI-6161 Sistem Informasi Manajemen Infrastruktur

Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

SI-6161 SIMI 1.2 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION
SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT

Customers Suppliers

ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

Regulatory Stockholders Competitors

Agencies
SI-6161 SIMI 1.3 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 DATA & INFORMATION

 DATA: STREAMS OF RAW FACTS REPRESENTING

EVENTS SUCH AS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
 INFORMATION: CLUSTERS OF FACTS MEANINGFUL &
USEFUL TO HUMAN BEINGS IN PROCESSES SUCH
AS MAKING DECISIONS
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.4 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION
SYSTEMS (CBIS)

 FORMAL SYSTEMS
 FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, PROCEDURES
 COLLECTING, STORING, PROCESSING,
DISSEMINATING, USING DATA
*

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 INFORMATION SYSTEM

ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

MANAGEMENT

SI-6161 SIMI 1.6 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 ORGANIZATIONS

 PEOPLE: Managers, knowledge workers, data

workers, production or service workers
 STRUCTURE: Organization chart, groups of
specialists, products, geography
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.7 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 ORGANIZATIONS

 OPERATING PROCEDURES: Standard Operating

Procedures (SOP), rules for action
 POLITICS: Power to persuade, get things done
 CULTURE: Customs of behavior
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.8 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 MAJOR
BUSINESS FUNCTIONS

 SALES & MARKETING

 MANUFACTURING
 FINANCE
 ACCOUNTING
 HUMAN RESOURCES
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.9 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

 HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE
 STORAGE
 COMMUNICATIONS
 NETWORKS
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.10 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS

TECHNICAL APPROACHES
COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
MANAGEMENT
SCIENCE
MIS
SOCIOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY POLITICAL
SCIENCE
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
SI-6161 SIMI 1.11 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 SOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE

OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:

TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION MUTUALLY ADJUST
TO
ONE ANOTHER
UNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORY
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.12 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE

INTERDEPENDENCE
HARDWARE

BUSINESS SOFTWARE DATABASE

Strategy
Rules
TELE-
Procedures COMMUNICATIONS

ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM

SI-6161 SIMI 1.13 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED

STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &

DATA WORKERS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL
LEVEL MANAGERS

SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN

MARKETING RESOURCES
SI-6161 SIMI 1.14 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS

 EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)
 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)
 KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)
 OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)
 TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)
*
SI-6161 SIMI 1.15 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS
Sales & Marketing Systems

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:

 Sales management, market research, promotion,
pricing, new products
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
 Sales order info system, market research system,
pricing system
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.16 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS
Manufacturing & Production Systems

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:

 Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving,
engineering, operations
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
 Materials resource planning systems, purchase order
control systems, engineering systems, quality control
systems
*

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 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS
Finance & Accounting Systems

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:

 Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
 General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts
payable, budgeting, funds management systems
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.18 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS
Human Resources Systems

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:

 Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor
relations, training
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
 Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, career
path systems, personnel training systems
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.19 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS
Other Types (e.g., University)

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:

 Admissions, grade records, course records, alumni
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:
 Registration system, student transcript system,
curriculum class control system, alumni benefactor
system
*

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 KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
 INPUTS: DESIGN SPECS
 PROCESSING: MODELLING
 OUTPUTS: DESIGNS, GRAPHICS
 USERS: TECHNICAL STAFF

EXAMPLE: ENGINEERING WORKSTATION

SI-6161 SIMI 1.21 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)

 TOWARD A “PAPERLESS” OFFICE

 REDESIGN OF WORK FLOW
 INTEGRATED SOFTWARE
 ERGONOMIC DESIGN
 BRIGHT, CHEERFUL WORK SPACE

EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

SI-6161 SIMI 1.22 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(MIS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL
 INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA
 PROCESSING: SIMPLE MODELS
 OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS
 USERS: MIDDLE MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGETING

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 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(MIS)

 STRUCTURED & SEMI-STRUCTURED DECISIONS

 REPORT CONTROL ORIENTED
 PAST & PRESENT DATA
 INTERNAL ORIENTATION
 LENGTHY DESIGN PROCESS
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.24 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS

TPS MIS
Order Processing SALES
DATA
System

ORDER FILE UNIT

PRODUCT
Materials Resource COST MIS REPORTS
Planning System
PRODUCT
CHANGE
PRODUCTION MASTER FILE
DATA
General Ledger
EXPENSE MANAGERS
System DATA

ACCOUNTING FILES MIS FILES

SI-6161 SIMI 1.25 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL
 INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA
 PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE
 OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS
 USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF

EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COST ANALYSIS

SI-6161 SIMI 1.26 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

 FLEXIBLE, ADAPTABLE, QUICK

 USER CONTROLS INPUTS/OUTPUTS
 NO PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMING
 SUPPORTS DECISION PROCESS
 SOPHISTICATED MODELING TOOLS
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.27 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

STRATEGIC LEVEL
 INPUTS: AGGREGATE DATA
 PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE
 OUTPUTS: PROJECTIONS
 USERS: SENIOR MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN

SI-6161 SIMI 1.28 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

 TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT

 DESIGNED TO THE INDIVIDUAL
 TIES CEO TO ALL LEVELS
 VERY EXPENSIVE TO KEEP UP
 EXTENSIVE SUPPORT STAFF
*

SI-6161 SIMI 1.29 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS

ESS

MIS DSS

KWS
TPS
OAS
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 ORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

MEDIATING FACTORS:
Environment
Culture
Structure
ORGANIZATIONS Standard Procedures INFORMATION
Politics TECHNOLOGY
Management Decisions
Chance

SI-6161 SIMI 2.31 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT

 PROGRAMMERS: Write software

 SYSTEMS ANALYSTS: Translate business problems
into solutions
 IS MANAGERS: Department leaders
 END USERS: Department reps for whom applications
are developed
*

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 THE ORGANIZATION
SENIOR MANAGEMENT
MAJOR END-USERS (DIVISIONS)

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT

Information System
Specialists:

IT Infrastructure: CIO
Managers
Hardware System Analysts
Software System Developers
Data Networks Programmers
Network Specialists
Database
Administrator Clerical
SI-6161 SIMI 2.33 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 HOW INFO SYSTEMS AFFECT
ORGANIZATIONS

 MICROECONOMIC MODEL: Info technology is a factor

of production, like capital & labor
 TRANSACTION COST THEORY: Firms attempt to
minimize transaction costs internally & externally
*

SI-6161 SIMI 2.34 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 HOW INFO SYSTEMS
AFFECT ORGANIZATIONS

 AGENCY THEORY: Firm is nexus of contracts among

self-interested parties requiring supervision
 BEHAVIORAL THEORIES: Info systems could change
hierarchy of decision making; reduce need for middle
management & clerical support; distribute
information
*

SI-6161 SIMI 2.35 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 IMPLEMENTING CHANGE

TASK

RESISTANCE

TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE

MUTUAL
ADJUSTMENT

STRUCTURE
SI-6161 SIMI 2.36 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.
 IS, Organization and Decisions
ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
TYPE OF
DECISION OPERATIONAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC

STRUCTURED ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE
ELECTRONIC PRODUCTION
SCHEDULING COST OVERRUNS
TPS
OAS MIS
SEMI- BUDGET
STRUCTURED PREPARATION

PROJECT
SCHEDULING DSS
FACILITY
LOCATION
KWS ESS
UNSTRUCTURED PRODUCT DESIGN NEW PRODUCTS
NEW MARKETS

SI-6161 SIMI 1.37 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.

 Tugas #1

 Pilih sebuah infrastruktur, kemudian:

 Tentukan organisasi pengelolanya
 Identifikasi sistem informasi apa saja yang dibutuhkan
oleh organisasi tersebut beserta teknologinya
 Jelaskan fungsi dan manfaat masing-masing sistem
informasi tersebut
 Dapat dilakukan dengan kunjungan/riset pada
organisasi pengelola infrastruktur yang nyata
 Tugas perorangan, waktu 1 minggu

SI-6161 SIMI 1.38 Muhamad Abduh, Ph.D.