Pertemuan 2

Gates

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zulhelman
PNJ
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 Suplementary Reading
• Digital Design
by - John F. Wakerly
– www.ddpp.com - you will find some solutions at this site.
– www.xilinx.com - Xlinix Web site
• Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals
by - M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
• Digital Design
by - M. Morris Mano
• Digital Logic Circuit Analysis and Design
by - Victor P. Nelson, H. Troy Nagle, J. David Irwin & Bill D. Carrol
CAPAIAN PEMBELAJARAN
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan kerja dari
masing-masing Gerbang Logika.
 Gates
• The most basic digital devices are called gates.
• Gates got their name from their function of
allowing or blocking (gating) the flow of digital
information.
• A gate has one or more inputs and produces an
output depending on the input(s).
• Three most important gates are: AND, OR, NOT
 Digital Logic
• Binary system -- 0 & 1, LOW & HIGH,
negated and asserted.
• Basic building blocks -- AND, OR, NOT
AND, OR, NOT Gates
 Review

AND, where ALL inputs must be

“1” for the output to be “1”
OR, where ANY of the inputs can be
“1” for the output to be “1”
NOT (or the Inverter) where the
output is the opposite (compliment)
of the input.

7
Electronic Aspects of Digital Design
• How we represent digital information in electronic devices?
• By discrete voltages.
 What is the
Basic Digital Element
in Electronics
?

a Switch
Using Switch to represent digital information
Real Switches to represent digital information

5v 5v

1k

Output Output
5v 4.5v

10k
 Logic levels
• Undefined region
is inherent
digital, not analog

• Switching threshold varies with voltage, temp

need “noise margin”

• Logic voltage levels decreasing with new processors.

5 , 3.3 , 2.5 , 1.8 V
 Integrated Circuits
• A collection of one or more gates fabricated on a
single silicon chip is called an integrated circuit
(IC).
• ICs were classified by size:
– SSI - small scale integration - 1~20 gates
– MSI - medium scale integration - 20~200 gates
– LSI - large scale integration - 200~200,000 gates
– VLSI - very large scale integration - over 1M
transistors
• Pentium-III - 40 million transistors
DIP Packages
Gates in ICs
 C:\Program Files\National
Instruments\Circuit Design Suite 11.0