MODERNIZATION

AND
URBANIZATION
MODERNIZATION
 Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition
from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society. 
 Modern society is industrial society. To modernize a society
is, first of all, to industrialize it.
 Modernization is a continuous and open-ended process.
Historically, the span of time over which it has occurred
must be measured in centuries, although there are
examples of accelerated modernization. 
 Modernization comes via modern, from the Late Latin
modernus, "modern," and ultimately the root modo, "just
now."
7 EXAMPLES OF
MODERNIZATION
1. Technology
2. Energy
3. transportation
4. Process
5. Products and services
6. Organizational cultures
7. Quality of life
TECHNOLOGY

Infrastructure, platforms, Systems, application,

robotics machines and devices that are more
efficient, Faster, lower risk And better at achieving
your goals.
First Generation Computer
MODERN
COMPUTERS
STORAGE
 Early computers used punched paper tape and
punched cards for storage. Rotating magnetic drums
and tapes came later. (Tape is still used for backup
storage).
 Today's computers typically use magnetic and optical
disks and electronic "key fobs" for storage.
 Computers have used magnetic disk storage since
the 1950s, and the subsequent progresshas been
dramatic.
ENERGY

 energy sources that are cheaper and Lower

impact on the environment.
BEFORE RECENT

SOLAR THERMAL
TRANSPORTATION
 Transportation method that moves people
quicker, cheaper, faster and safer with less
impact on the environment.
OLD TRANSPORTATION
RECENT TRANSPORTATION
PROCESSES
 Business processes and practices improves
with time As innovative ideas are
dissiminated, tested and adopted.
 Going
Paperless
PRODUCT AND SERVICES
 In some industries, products and services
are rapidly improved Such that firms must
modernize their products Several times a
year.
Innovation in
Services
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES

Transforming your norms, values and

Expectations as an organization To match
change in your society.
QUALITY OF LIFE
 Improvements in human well-being in areas
such as health, education, Safety, cities,
work, standard of living and leisure.
URBANIZATION
URBANIZATI
ON
 refers to the population shift from rural to urban
residency, the gradual increase in the proportion
of people living in urban areas, and the ways in
which each society adapts to this change.
 the process by which towns and cities are formed
and become larger as more people begin living
and working in central areas.
REASONS WHY PEOPLE MOVE TO
URBAN AREAS

 Opportunity
 Cultural diversity
 Entertainment
 Medical care
 Public transportation
 Workers have a greater
chance of finding a job
suited to their skills in a
big city because of larger
labor markets. Big cities
offer greater opportunities
and can open your eyes to
careers  you once never
thought about pursuing.
 Big cities are cultural and
ethnic melting pots, the
perfect places to
experience other cultures
and cultivate a more open
mind. On top of that, for
those who love trying new
cuisine, you will find food
options from just about
every background, whether
that’s a street merchant or
a 5-star restaurant. 
 In the city, there is
always something to
do no matter what
your interests. For
music junkies, go to a
festival, see your
favorite artist at a
large venue or visit a
café that has open mic
nights. If you’re into
art, there are a
multitude of galleries
and museums to
pursue.
 Many hospitals in big
cities are recognized
for their quality care
and great staff.
 Getting around the
city is much easier
with public
transportation
options 
ADVANTAGES
 The convenience of goods and services is one of the
benefits of urbanization. In urban areas there is better
access to public health and general health care which is
lacking in many urban areas .
 The process of urbanization contributes to an increase
in labor productivity, allows solving many social
problems of society.
 People who live in urban area tend to earn due to the
availability of more jobs.
ADVANTAGES
 Better possibilities to boost the economy: being
closer to businesses and industries, people who
come from the countryside can explore more
possibilities to increase their current income, either
by being in contact with closest customers, or by
obtaining jobs in new Business.
 Better sanitary services : potable water, sanitation,
transport of waste , recycling of garbage, etc.
ADVANTAGES
 Another benefit of urbanization is that the tight grouping of
people allows social and cultural integration at a level not
available to the extended populations in rural areas.
 Urbanization offers real economic opportunities to people
who would otherwise be destined to subsist without hope of
economic improvement.
 Another advantage of urbanization is that it improve
technology at a faster rate . The reason being because of the
increase of the population , investment by international
companies there is a need to speed up communication ,
marketing and dissemination of goods and services.
ADVANTAGES
 Reduction of the cost of transporting goods for companies,
lowering the transportation of their products is a key factor,
something that was already one of the main reasons for the
spatial concentration of companies during industrialization
and that is accompanied by urbanization. Companies also
would have a shorter distance to transport their products
since everyone is in the urban area .Most urban area have
good infrastructure unlike rural area which is another factor
that reduces transportation cost.
ADVANTAGES
 Lower cost of losing a job the concentration of workers is
another pro, because if a person loses the job, it will be
easier to find another if there is a greater number of
companies in the city.
 Creation and dissemination of knowledge cities have an
important role as creators of knowledge. In addition, they
play a key role in its dissemination, since, despite living in an
increasingly interconnected world, the geographical proximity
of individuals in a city facilitates the propagation of ideas.
DISADVANTAGES
 An impact on the environment and quality of life, pollution in
cities is greater due to traffic, congestion of vehicles and poor
collection of waste; cities often exceed the natural capacity to
absorb waste, which harms health; cities demand land, water
and natural resources that are disproportionately high than the
surface they occupy due to high incomes and consumption and
the large size of the population.
 Price of the home: the price of homes is one of the main
elements that are affected by the agglomeration in cities. Thus,
living in a big city is always more expensive than in small urban
centers.
DISADVANTAGES
 Cost of mobility , this is greater in large cities, a factor that in
fact decisively influences the first point (the price of housing),
since the price you are willing to pay for a house depends
largely on the displacement cost.
 Crime index, there is documentation that confirms the
existence of a positive relationship between crime and the size
of the city.
 Pollution’ according to a WHO study, more than 80% of people
living in urban areas are exposed to levels of pollution that
exceed those recommended by the same organization.
DISADVANTAGES
 Poverty ,since urbanization is linked to the increase in urban poverty;
the great inequality in cities; the poor live in informal settlements
crammed and in poor conditions because the housing costs .
 Floods , urban centers have extensive areas covered by concrete and
asphalt, making it difficult to infiltrate rainwater into the soil. The
rains in large proportions cause a very large accumulation of water
and the rain gutters can not absorb all the flood and these invade
residences, public buildings, tunnels and compromise the traffic.
 A strain on infrastructure , once there is overpopulation there will be
an increase in movement which can quickly destroy roads and
bridges .
DISADVANTAGES
 Hot and humid environment , because everyone is crammed
in one central area there is a reduction in the flow of air which
results in a humid weather .
 Less arable land, as populations swell the need for land to
build house and industries increases thus reducing land for
agriculture . The land that is left for agriculture uses a lot of
fertilizers to increase food production thus devaluing the
quality of agriculture land.
DISADVANTAGES
 Human trafficking and prostitution ,prostitution has been
always an integral part of urbanization .The more a society
open up to the world and new cultures become integrated the
more complex are the crimes which are prostitution and
human trafficking . Many person are also trafficked to city with
the promise of good paying jobs or other opportunities only to
be pushed into prostitution or slavery.