Analog &

Digital
Electronics
BY
JOYEE CHAKRABORTY(IT2018/001
AND
AMEETA CHAUDHARY(1T2018/030)
1. Write the
differences between
analog & digital logic
circuit.
 Analog Circuit
These circuits operate on continuous valued signals(commonly referred to as analog
signals).
Analog circuits are difficult to design since each component has to be placed by hand as
automation techniques for designing these circuits fail to do the job efficiently.
No conversion of input signals are required before processing i.e. input signal is analog,
the circuit directly performs various logical operations and produces an analog output.
In analog circuits, since there are no conversions involved at the input or at the output
side there is no loss of information that is available for processing.
The man power available to design analog circuits is very low, this results in long time to
market the finished products.
Analog circuits are mostly custom made and lacks flexibility.
 Digital Circuit
These circuits operate on signals that exist only at two levels i.e. 0's and 1's (binary
number system).
On the other hand digital circuits are easy to design since automation technique can be
applied at various levels of circuit design. This involves minimum human interaction.
In digital circuits, the input signals are converted from analog to digital form before it is
processed, i.e. the digital circuit is capable of processing digital signals only, and
produces output which is again converted back from digital to analog signals so that the
output gives meaning full results that can be understood by humans.
Due to the conversion process at the input side(analog to digital) and at the output side,
some amount of information is lost during the conversion process.
The available man power to design digital circuits is significantly large compared to that
of analog circuit designers.
Digital circuits have high degree of flexibility.
Analog circuits
Analog circuits operate on continuously
variable signals also known signals.
Depending on the efficiency and
precision, it is quite difficult to design
analog circuits.
As there is no need for data conversion,
there is literally no loss of information.
If precision and accuracy are not a
criterion , then analog circuit can be
simple and inexpensive.
Digital circuits
Digital circuits operate on discretely
variable signals or digital signals,
i.e., the signal exists only in 2 levels,
0 and 1.
Digital Circuits are relatively easy to
design with many automated tools
available for various stages of
design and analysis.
During the process of converting
analog signals , there might be a
significant amount of data loss,
wihch can result in loss.
Even with simple design techniques
and at low cost, the digital circuits
can provide good accuracy and
precision.
2.Implement the full
adder circuit using
four input
multiplexers.
A B C SUM CARRY
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

Truth table of full adder circuit

Design tables for sum and carry outputs.

The full adder circuit using 4:1 multiplexer
3. Implement the full
subtracter circuit
using 3:8 decoder
A B C DIFF BORROW
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
Truth table of full subtracter circuit.
4. Write and explain
the full substracter
circuit.
A full subtractor is a combinational circuit that performs subtraction of
two bits, one is minuend and other is subtrahend, taking into account borrow
of the previous adjacent lower minuend bit. This circuit has three inputs
and two outputs. The three inputs A, B and Bin, denote the minuend,
subtrahend, and previous borrow, respectively. The two outputs, D and Bout
represent the difference and output borrow, respectively.
A B Bin D Bout
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1

Truth table of full subtracter citcuit

From truth table we can draw the K-Map as
shown for “difference” and “borrow”.
Logical expression for difference –
D = A’B’Bin + A’BBin’ + AB’Bin’ + ABBin
= Bin(A’B’ + AB) + Bin’(AB’ + A’B)
= Bin( A XNOR B) + Bin’(A XOR B)
= Bin (A XOR B)’ + Bin’(A XOR B)
= Bin XOR (A XOR B)
= (A XOR B) XOR Bin
Logical expression for borrow –
Bout = A’B’Bin + A’BBin’ + A’BBin + ABBin =
A’B’Bin +A’BBin’ + A’BBin + A’BBin + A’BBin + ABBin
= A’Bin(B + B’) + A’B(Bin + Bin’) + BBin(A + A’)
= A’Bin + A’B + BBin OR Bout =
A’B’Bin + A’BBin’ + A’BBin + ABBin =
Bin(AB + A’B’) + A’B(Bin + Bin’) =
Bin( A XNOR B) + A’B =
Bin (A XOR B)’ + A’B
Logic diagram for full subtracter circuit
Implementation of Full Subtractor
using Half Subtractors –
2 Half Subtractors and an OR gate is
required to implement a Full Subtractor.