VOLCANOES

and EARTH’S
INTERIOR
Types of Lava Flow
Aa (“ah-ah”)
• a basaltic lava which is
viscous
• does not flow very quickly
• looks like a sluggish mass
with rough surface moving
very slowly.
• hardens into rocks with a
sharp spiny surface.
• temperatures above 1
200°C
Types of Lava Flow
Pahoehoe (pa-ho-ho)
• Much thinner and less viscous
than Aa
• Can flow down the slopes of a
volcano in vast rivers
• Can also form lava tubes,
where the rock hardens
around a fast-moving liquid
core
• Erupts at temperature of
about 1 200°C
Types of Lava Flow
Pillow Lava
•Typically found
erupting from
underwater volcano
vents and fissures.
•As lava contacts
with water, it’s
cooled down and
forms a hardened
ation of
Explosiv
e 1. Vesuvian
Eruption
Eruptions (Plinian)
•most violent and
destructive volcanic
eruption
•cauliflower-like cloud
high
ation of
Explosiv
e 2. Strombolian
Eruption
•Large blobs of non-
Eruptions viscous lava
•Low level of eruption
•Give impressive
display but not very
ation of
Explosiv
e 3. Vulcanian
Eruptions Eruption
•Dense cloud of ash
and gas
•Explosion of
fragments of
viscous magma
ation of
Explosiv
4. Pelean
e Eruption
• Large quantities of gas,
Eruptionsash, rock, dust and
incandescent lava are
blasted out of central
cater
• One of the most
dangerous kind of
ation of
Explosiv
e 5. Hawaiian
Eruption
• Less violent
Eruptions
• Comes out of fissures
vents or central vent
• Destruction does not
comes from the blast
but from lava flows.
ation of
Explosiv
e 6. Phreatic
Eruptions Eruptions
• Magma comes into
contact with ground or
surface water.
• Occur in wet area or
near the ocean
• Steam blast eruption.
Classification of
Volcanoes 1. CINDER CONE
VOLCANOES
• Built primarily of pyroclastic materials ejected
from single vent
• Form from explosive eruptions
• Typically small volcano
• Most common and most simple type
Classification of
Volcanoes
2. SHIELD VOLCANO
•Broad, slightly domed volcano
•Produced by the accumulation of
basaltic lava
•Look like shield from above
•Usually not explosive
Classification of
Volcanoes 3. COMPOSITE
• Built form alternating layers VOLCANO
of rock particles
and lava.
• Violent eruption that ejects volcanic bombs,
cinders, and ash out of the vent initially
occurs.
• Also known as stratovolcano
OTHER VOLCANIC
LANDFORMS
1. CALDERAS
2. LAVA PLATEUS
3. VOLCANIC PLUGS
VOLCANIC ROCKS
1. Andesite
Gray to graying-brown
Fine grained
Hard volcanic rock
Contains small visible crystals
Used as building stones and
monuments
VOLCANIC ROCKS
2. Basaltheavy and fined
Hard,
grained
Dark volcanic rock
Has glassy appearance
Most common volcanic
rock
VOLCANIC ROCKS
3. Dacite
Light gray volcanic rock
Fine grains
Consist of quartz crystals
(tiny brilliant particles)
VOLCANIC ROCKS
4. Obsidian
Black and banded
Hard volcanic glass
Shiny curved and
smooth surface
VOLCANIC ROCKS
5. Pumice
Light, porous, acidic volcanic
rock
Irregularly shaped vesicles
Can float on water
Used in scouring while
powder form
Used as polished and abrasive.
VOLCANIC ROCKS
6. Rhyolite
Fine-grained volcanic rock
made up of light colored
crystals
VOLCANIC ROCKS
7. Scoria
Porous cinder-like fragment
of dark lava
Dark-colored volcanic rocks
In various sized, smooth-sided
vesicules or holes in it