MICROPROCESSORS

It is a computer chip used

inside several devices and
equipments to provide added
functionality.

A microprocessor is a digital-
electronic component with
transistors integrated on a
single semiconductor IC that is
small and consumes less
power.

What is a microprocesor?
 Is the brain of microcomputer

A single chip which is capable of

processing data

microprocessor
It controls all components

Fetch, decode and execute instructions

BASIC COMPONENTS OF
A MICROPROCESSOR
1. Registers

Registers are small, fast memories built into the central processing
unit (CPU) to speed up its operation. General purpose registers
store arbitrary data.

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit

An ALU is also known as integer unit as it is used to perform logical

operations like Not, OR AND, and math calculations like add, subtract,
divide, multiply and comparisons like greater then, less than, etc.
3. Control Unit

Control Unit is the brain of a microprocessor as it manages complete

operations. It performs the operations like managing input, output devices,
storing data and fetching instructions.

4. Memory Unit

A microprocessor stores a copy of data and instructions in

its cache memory while executing the program. Types
of microprocessor memory include ROM and RAM.
Diagram
MICROCONTROLLER
 What is a
microcontroller?

A microcontroller is a
compact integrated
circuit designed to
govern a specific
operation in
an embedded system.
Essentially, a microcontroller gathers input, processes this information,
and outputs a certain action based on the information gathered.
Basic Parts of Microcontroller
1. Processor
A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and
processes the basic instructions that drive a computer.

2. Memory
Is a small storage device that uses nonvolatile semiconductor
memory to store data on portable or remote computing devices.
3. Peripheral Devices
Inputs receive changes in the real-world, from temperature
sensing, to motion sensing, to push buttons, and much more.

4. Serial Bus Interfaces

A Serial Bus Interface is the serial communication in the
microcontroller, sending data one bit at a time. With microcontroller
boards, it connects ICs with signal traces on a printed circuit board
(PCB).
MICROPROCESSOR vs MICROCONTROLLER
PARTS
Application
Microprocessor
• Gaming
• Photo editing
• Mathematical Calculations
Microcontroller (predefined tasks)
• Digital camera
• Washing machine
• Microwave oven
MICROPROCESSOR
vs
MICROCONTROLLER