TYPHOON

Earth Science
Fill in the missing information in
the table below:
CAN
TRAVEL
ABBREVIATIO THROUGH MOTION OF SPEED OF
SEISMIC WAVES
N SOLID, WAVE WAVE
LIQUID OR
GAS?

PRIMARY WAVE
(Compressional)

SECONDARY
WAVE
(Shear)

SURFACE WAVE
Fill in the missing information in
the table below:
CAN TRAVEL
THROUGH MOTION OF SPEED OF
SEISMIC WAVES ABBREVIATION
SOLID, LIQUID WAVE WAVE
OR GAS?

PRIMARY WAVE BACK AND

P WAVE YES FASTEST
(Compressional) FORTH

SECONDARY WAVE SIDE TO SIDE, SLOWER THAN

S WAVE SOLID
(Shear) UP AND DOWN P WAVE

LOVE- BACK
AND FORTH
HORIZONTALLY
SURFACE WAVE L WAVE N/A RAYLEIGH- SLOWEST
BOTH
HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICAL
Look at the picture. Describe the scenario.
What might cause the given scenario?
Fill in the data table below:

Typhoon Hurricane Cyclone

 What is a Typhoon?

a mature tropical cyclone that develops

between 180° and 100°E in the
Northern Hemisphere (is referred to as
the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the
most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth,
accounting for almost one-third of the
world's annual tropical cyclones)
Hurricane, Cyclone, Typhoon,
– What’s The Difference?
• Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all
the same weather phenomenon; we just use
different names for these storms in different
places.
Hurricane Irma from space.
 HURRICANE
• Atlantic and Northeast Pacific

TYPHOON
• Northwest Pacific

CYCLONE
• South Pacific and Indian Ocean
Tembisa 27 July 2016. Picture: sabreakingnews.co.za
(Kempton Park on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa)
Tornadoes VS Hurricane
• Location : Tornadoes usually occur over
land, while hurricanes almost always form
over the ocean.
• Size: The largest tornado every observed
was 4 km wide, but most tornadoes are
about 0.8 km wide. Hurricanes are much
larger, ranging from about 160 km to 1600
km wide.
Tornadoes VS Hurricane
• Life cycles: A tornado’s lifetime is short,
ranging from a few seconds to a few hours.
A hurricane’s life cycle can last from days to
weeks.
• Wind speeds: The strongest tornadoes can
have wind speeds over 483 kph, but even
the strongest hurricanes rarely produce wind
speeds over 322 kph.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
• is a generic term used by meteorologists to
describe a rotating, organized system of clouds
and thunderstorms that originates over tropical
or subtropical waters and has closed, low-level
circulation.
• Once a tropical cyclone reaches maximum
sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or higher, it
is then classified as a hurricane, typhoon,
or cyclone depending upon where the storm
originates in the world.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
• derived their energy from the latent heat of
condensation which made them exist only
over the oceans and die out rapidly on land.
One of its distinguishing features is having a
central sea-level pressure of 900 mb or lower
and surface winds often exceeding 100 knots.
• They reach their greatest intensity while
located over warm tropical waters and they
begin to weaken as they move inland. The
intensity of tropical cyclones vary, thus, we
can classify them based upon their degree of
 Classification of Tropical Cyclones
The classification of tropical cyclones according
to the strength of the associated winds as
adopted by PAGASA as of 01 May 2015 are as
follows:
• TROPICAL DEPRESSION (TD) - a tropical
cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 61
kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 33 nautical
miles per hour (knots) .
• TROPICAL STORM (TS) - a tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34 - 47
knots.
 Classification of Tropical Cyclones
• SEVERE TROPICAL STORM (STS) , a
tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed
of 89 to 117 kph or 48 - 63 knots.
• TYPHOON (TY) - a tropical cyclone with
maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph or
64 - 120 knots.
• SUPER TYPHOON (STY) - a tropical
cyclone with maximum wind speed
exceeding 220 kph or more than 120 knots.
 Philippine Area of Responsibility

The Philippines is prone to tropical

cyclones due to its geographical location
which generally produce heavy rains and
flooding of large areas and also strong
winds which result in heavy casualties to
human life and destructions to crops and
properties. Thus, it is of utmost
importance to have sufficient knowledge
on such maritime phenomena for
beneficial purposes.
 Philippine Area of Responsibility

• The Philippines is located in the western part of

the North Pacific Ocean.
• This vast area encompasses many countries in
Oceania and the eastern parts of Asia.
• Tropical cyclones can form over warm waters
anywhere within this area.
• This poses a significant challenge to the
forecasters in different countries within this
region.
 Philippine Area of Responsibility

• To make monitoring easy for the forecasters,

this large region of the Pacific Ocean is broken
into smaller domains called "areas of
responsibilities".
• Here, forecasters will only have to monitor
those TCs that are relevant to their country.
 Philippine Area of Responsibility

PAGASA forecasters use three domains where

they monitor, analyze and forecast tropical
cyclones:
• Philippine Area of Responsibility
• Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain
• Tropical Cyclone Information Domain
PAGASA forecasters use three domains where
they monitor, analyze and forecast tropical
cyclones:
• Philippine Area of Responsibility
• Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain
• Tropical Cyclone Information Domain

These domains can be visualized as "three-layered zones" that

enclose the country. If a tropical cyclone is present inside these
domains, PAGASA is obliged to provide information about the
weather disturbance to the public. Because most tropical
cyclones come from the broad expanse of ocean east of the
country, the eastern boundary of each domain is farther from the
Philippine Islands than the western boundary.
 Philippine Area of Responsibility

 smallest and innermost monitoring domain, whose

boundary is closest to the Philippine Islands.
 The exact dimentions of this domain are the area of the
Western North Pacific bounded by imaginary lines
connecting the coordinates: 5°N 115°E, 15°N 115°E, 21°N
120°E, 25°N 135°E and 5°N 135°E.
 The western boundary of the PAR is closer to the coastline
of the country than the eastern boundary.
 The eastern PAR boundary is several hundred kilometers
away from the nearest coastline in the eastern part of the
country and completely encloses the East Philippine Sea.
Tropical Cyclones inside the PAR warrants the issuance of Severe
Weather Bulletin, the highest level of warning information issued
for tropical cyclones.
Tropical Cyclone Advisory Domain
(TCAD)
"middle domain" located between the PAR and the
tropical cyclone information domain.
 completely encloses the PAR but is smaller than the TCID.
 includes the area bounded by the imaginary lines
connecting the coordinates: 4°N 114°E, 28°N 114°E, 28°N
145°E and 4°N 145°N.
 TCAD does not include the PAR.
 Tropical cyclones within the TCAD are too far to have any direct
effect in the country but are close enough to for closer
monitoring. Disturbances within the TCAD warrant the issuance
of a Tropical Cyclone Advisory.
Tropical Cyclone Information Domain
(TCID)
largest and the outermost monitoring domain of
PAGASA.
area enclosed by the imaginary lines connecting the
coordinates: 0°N 110°E, 35°N 110°E, 35°N 155°E
and 4°N 145°E.
does not include the PAR and the TCAD.
 Tropical cyclones present inside the TCID are of
least concern for the forecasters but are necessary
enough for monitoring and public awareness
purposes.
How are typhoons formed?

Typhoons start off as tropical thunderstorms. The

strong winds pull in moisture from the oceans.
How are typhoons formed?

The thunderstorms convert the moisture into heat.

The heat causes more air to flow to the centre of the
storm causing evaporation.
How are typhoons formed?

All the heat and air flow toward the eye creating the
typhoon.