THE

PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

 Propaganda – message designed to persuade its intended audience to

think and behave in a certain manner.
 Propaganda movement – A peaceful crusade or campaign for reform was
done by means of pen and tongue to pressure the Spanish government.
 It was organized and participated by the ilustrados.

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 Factors that gave birth to Philippine
Nationalism

➢ Influx of liberal ideas

➢ The Spanish revolution
➢ Opening of Suez Canal 1869
➢ The martyrdom of father Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora

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 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

 It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose

Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed.
 The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students
abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid,
Paris, London and other foreign cities

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 Cavite Mutiny
➢ January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and
dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of
sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their
Spanish officers.
➢ Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto
Zamora were accused of treason to Spanish and
tried in an unfair trial. They were sentenced to
death by “garrote” on February 17, 1872 in
Bagumbayan.
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 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 A peaceful crusade or campaign for reforms was
done by means of pen and tongue to exposed the
defects of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the
urgency of reforms to remedy them.
 It was organized and prepared by the Ilustrados.
 Dr. Jose Rizal
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Graciano Lopez Jaena
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 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 Work of promoting the welfare and happiness of
the fatherland.
 Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing
speeches, they crusaded for reforms to rectify the
evils of Spanish colonial System.

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 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 The ilustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for reform.
Because of their education and newly acquired
wealth, they felt more confident about voicing out
popular grievances.

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REFORMS DESIRED BY THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
Equality of Filipino and Spaniards before the laws;

Restoration of the Philippine representation in the

Spanish Cortes;
Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and the
expulsion of the friars;

Human rights for Filipinos.

Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province

of Spain

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THE PROPAGANDISTS
➢ Graciano Lopez Jaena
➢ Marcelo H. Del Pilar
➢ Jose Rizal
➢ Mariano Ponce
➢ Antonio Luna y Novicio
➢ Juan Luna y Novicio
➢ Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga
➢ Pedro Alejandro Paterno
➢ Pedro Serrano Laktaw
➢ Isabelo de los Reyes
➢ Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo
➢ Dominador Gomez
➢ Jose Alejandrino
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➢ Orator
➢ Lawyer and Journalist
➢ Physician and novelist
➢ Medical student and writer
➢ Pharmacist and essayist
➢ Master of brush
➢ Linguist and essayist
➢ Lawyer and a man of letters
➢ Teacher-tutor
➢ Folklorist
➢ Master of brush
➢ Physician and orator
➢ Engineer and writer
 THE PROPAGANDISTS
 They came from good families, highly intelligent,
educated, patriotic and courageous, who
symbolize the flower of Filipino manhood.

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 Graciano Lopez Jaena

 The greatest orator of the propaganda

 The first editor of the La Solidaridad

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 Marcelo H. Del Pilar

 • He was the first writer of the bilingual newspaper titled “Diariong Tagalog”
• Beloved by the masses because of his eloquent Tagalog and fearless
defense of the poor against the friar abuses. • He used Plaridel as his pen
name

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 Mariano Ponce

 A medical student and a biographical writer • He used Tikbalang, Naning,

and Kalipulako as his pen names

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 The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888
➢ March 1, 1888- Manila and the gevernment was shocked by this event.
➢ Gobernadorcillos (head of town), marched to the Ayuntamiento
(municipality)
➢ Requested the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines.
➢ Addressed to Queen of Spain and signed by about 800 Filipinos
patriots
Result of the Anti-friar Manifesto
 The powerful friars avenged themselves by persecuting the leaders and
signers of the manifesto
 Having them arrested and thrown into prison

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 La Solidaridad

➢ An organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888.

➢ Graciano Lopez Jaena founded La solidaridad in Barcelona published on
February 15, 1889
Aims of La Solidaridad
➢ To portray vividly the deplorable conditions of the Philippines
➢ To work peacefully for political and social reforms
➢ To combat the evil forces of medievalism and reaction
➢ To advocate liberal ideas and progress
➢ To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people for
democracy and happiness
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 M.H Del Pilar’s farewell

➢ We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices

that are too little to win the rights and the liberty
of a nation that is oppressed by slavery.

➢ The publication of La Solidaridad ended on Nov.

15 1895 after 7 years.

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 Masonry and the Propaganda Movement
➢ Masonry played a significant role in the Propaganda Movement.
➢ Many filipino patriots turned masons including:
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Jose Rizal
Mariano Ponce
Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Revolucion- First Filipino Masonic Lodge
 Lodge Solidaridad- M.H. Del Pilar and Julio Llorante
 January 6, 1892- first Filipino Masonic lodge in the Philippines “Lodge
Nilad”

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 Asociacion Hispano-Filipina

➢ January 12, 1889 – the Filipino propagandist and their Spanish friends
organized Asociacion Hispano-Filipina in Madrid for the purpose of
securing reforms for the philippines.

Don Miguel Morayta- President

General Felipe de la Corte- Vice President
Dominador Gomez- Secretary
To facilitate its work, the association was divided into three sections:

1. Political Section headed by Marcelo H. Del Pilar

2. Literary Section, headed by Mariano Ponce
3. Recreation Section, headed by Tomas Arejola

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 La Liga Filipina

➢ When living in Hong Kong Rizal conceived the idea of

establishing a civic association composed of Filipinos.
➢ He wrote it with the help of Jose Ma. Basa, an exile of 1872.
➢ June 26, 1892, Rizal arrived in Manila
➢ July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina

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 The aims of the League

1. Union of the Archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous

body.
2. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.

The motto of the La Liga Filipina was Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)

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The La Liga Filipina was a civil association of Filipinos. Its constitution
provided for the establishment of a supreme council for the whole country, a
provincial council in every province, and a popular council in every town.
Every Filipino who had at heart the best interest and welfare of the fatherland
was qualified to be a member.

However, three days after the founding of La Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested
by order of Governor General Despujol. On July 14, 1892, Rizal was exiled to
Dapitan, Mindanao, until 1896.

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 The Failure of the Reform Movement

There are three (3) reasons why the reform movement failed:
1. The intensive campaign of La Solidaridad for reforms did not yield
any tangible result in the form of changes in the administration of the
Philippines.
2. The societies established in the Philippines whose purpose was
to campaign for reforms did not have sufficient means with which to carry out
their aims.
3. The propagandists were divided against themselves by petty
jealousies.

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 End of the Propaganda Movement

➢ The La Liga Filipina collapsed

➢ The radical Andres Bonifacio and other radical members separated from
it.
➢ Los Compromisarios
➢ La Solidaridad died out after its last issue on November 15,1895

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The Katipunan
Government and Revolution
 End of the Propaganda Movement

➢ With the failure of the Propaganda

Movement, the Filipinos gave up the last
ditch of hope to peaceful means.
➢ Andres Bonifacio led the Filipinos to a
new phase of social and political
awareness marked by the founding of
Katipunan.
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 The Founding of Katipunan

July 7,1892 Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao

Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others, decided to form an
association called kataastaasan kagalang-galang na katipunan
nang manga anak ng bayan, or katipunan/ KKK.

Triangle Method in which original member would take two new

members who did not know each other but knew only the original
member who took them in

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 AIMS O F THE KATIPUNAN

➢ To unite the Filipinos into one solid nation.

➢ To fight for Philippine independence from Spain.

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 The Katipunan Objectives

The Political objective consisted in working for the separation of the

Philippines from Spain.

The Moral objective revolved around the teaching of good manners, hygiene,
good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness
of character.

The Civil aim revolved around the principle of self-help and the defense of the
poor and the oppressed.

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 Three Governing Bodies
Kataastaasang Sanggunian was the highest governing body of the society
and was composed of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a
comtroller or interventor.

Sangguniang Bayan and Sangguniang Balangay represented, respectively,

the province and the municipality or town.

Sangguniang Hukuman it sat as a court of justice to pass judgments on any

members who violate the rules of the society or to mediate between
quarrelling brethen or faction

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October 1892 Bonifacio change the method of recruiting members. It was
agreed that any member of the society could take in as many new members
as he could get.
Under this new method, the membership of the society reached more than
100. thereupon an election was held, with the following as officers of the first
Supreme Council:
Deodato Arellano………………….. President or Supremo
Andres Bonifacio…………………... Interventor or Comptroller
Ladislao Diwa………………………. Fiscal
Teodoro Plata……………………… Secretary
Valentin Diaz………………………..Treasurer

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February 1893, Bonifacio, disgusted over Arellano’s inaction, deposed him
and put Roman Basa in his place as Supremo.

Early in 1895, Bonifacio realized that Roman Basa was an ineffectual as

Deodato Arellano, he deposed Basa and he became the Supremo.

December 31, 1895, another election to the Supreme Council was held.

Eight months later, in August 1898, immediately before the discovery of the
Katipunan, the fifth and last Supreme Council took its oath of office. Elected
were:

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Andres Bonifacio -----------------------------------Supremo
Emilio Jacinto ---------------------------------------Secretary of State
Teodoro Plata ---------------------------------------Secretary of War
Briccio Pantas----------------------------------------Secretary of Justice
Aguedo del Rosario --------------------------------Secretary of Interior
Enrique Pacheco ------------------------------------Secretary of Finance

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 Kinds of Membership
FIRST GRADE, Katipon (member),wore a black hood in the meetings of the
society.

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SECOND GRADE, kawal (Soldier), wore a green hood with a triangle
consisting of white lines.

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THIRD GRADE, Bayani (Patriot), wore a red mask and a sash with green
borders, symbolizing courage and hope.

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 The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan

To be admitted in the women’s section, one had to be a wife; daughter, or

sister of a katipunero (male member) . It is estimated that about 25
women became members of the secret society.
Among the women members of the katipunan were Gregoria de Jesus,
Bonifacio’s wife, who was called the lakambini of th KKK; Mari Dizon, wife
of katipunero Jose Turiano Santiago and cousin of Emilio Jacinto; Benita
Rodriguez, who made the katipunan flag and was the wife of katipunero
Restituto Javier; Simeona de Remigio, wife of katipunero Tomas
Remigio;Josefa and Trinidad Rizal, sisters of Dr.Rizal; Delfina Herbosa
and Angelica Lopez, Dr. Rizal’s nieces; and Marta Saldana.

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 First Cry of Philippine Independence

 Holy Week in 1895

 April 10, 1895
 Cave of Bernardo Carpio/ Pamitian Cave
 “Viva la Independencia Filipina”

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 Dr. Rizal and the Katipunan

In June, 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, acting as Bonifacio’s emissary, sailed for
Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s support for coming revolution.

According to Valenzuela, in his Memoirs, Rizal did not agree to the Katipunan
plan of starting a rebellion.

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 The Katipunan and Japan

 May 1896, a delegate of katipunan members, headed by Jacinto and

Bonifacio conferred with a visiting Japanese naval officer and the
Japanese consul at a Japanese bazaar in Manila.
 Moritori Tagawa- interpreter, who married a filipino woman, and a friend of
valenzuela.
 It was a good reason that the katipunan solicited Japan’s aid and alliance.
 Bonifacio tried to purchase arms and ammunition in Japan but failed for
lack of funds.

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 Discovery of the Katipunan

➢ July 5, 1896, Reported the mysterious activities of certain filipinos who

were gathering arms and recruiting men for some unknown purpose.
➢ August 13, 1896, Denouncing the anti- Spanish meetings in his parish.
➢ August 19, 1896, the Katipunan was discovered by the Spanish
authorities
➢ 6:15 PM of that day, Teodoro Patiño revealed the secrets of the
Katipunan to Father Mariano Gil, Augustinian parish curate.

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 The Cry of Balintawak

➢ August 26, 1896, Bonifacio rallied the katipuneros to an emergency

meeting in Balintawak.
➢ Bonifacio informed them of the urgency of beginning the revolution in view
of the discovery of their society
➢ Produced a heated debate between those who favored the uprising and
the oppositionist.
➢ Bonifacio and the katipuneros took out their cedula and tore it to pieces

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➢ The Battle of Pinaglabanan, August 30, 1896- Bonifacio led his army to
attack the polverin (power depot) in San Juan.
➢ August 30, issued a decree declaring a state of war in Manila and eight
Luzon provinces. (Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac) and placed them under Martial Law
by Governor Blanco.
➢ Bonifacio soon set out to Naic, Cavite where he establsih a rival
government against Aguinaldo. He issued a coup d’etat against
Aguinaldo’s government.

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 The Pact of Biak na Bato

Three Documents:
1. “Program” provided that Primo de Rivera would pay P800,000 to those in
arms.
2. “Act of Agreement”, granting of general amnesty to those who would lay
down their arms and the privilege to live freely in the Philippines.
3. It stated that Spain would pay a total of 1,700,000 of which sum P800,000
was to be paid to those who would laydown their arms and the remaining
P900,000 was to be distributed among the civilian population who had
suffered from the ravages of war.

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