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DATA –
COLLECTION
ANALYSIS
LECTURE # 02
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
FINALS
DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE DATA
(RUSSELL 2013; CRESWELL 2013)
Data – pieces of
information or facts known
by people in this world
Quantitative data – are
measurable, numerical, and
related to a metrical system
Result from sensory
experiences, whose descriptive
qualities such as age, shape,
speed, amount, weight,
height, number, positions, and
the like
Itdenotes quantity
Discrete (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…)
Continuum (amount of flour…)
REMEMBER: These
quantitative data become
useful only in so far as they
give answers to your research
questions
TECHNIQUES IN COLLECTING
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Collecting data is one major
component of any type of research.
In collecting quantitative data,
stress is given to the accuracy or
appropriateness of your data –
gathering technique and of the
right instrument to collect the
data
The Most Used
Quantitative Data –
Gathering Techniques
and Data – Gathering
Instruments
1. Direct observation –
seeing, touching, and
hearing the sources of data
personally
2. Indirect observation –
seeing, and hearing the data not
through your own eyes and ears,
but by means of technological
and electronic gadgets like
audiotapes, video records, and
other recording devices used to
capture earlier events, images,
or sounds.
SURVEY
interviewand questionnaire
This is the most popular
data – gathering
technique in quantitative
and qualitative research
studies.
TWO FOLLOWING
DATA – GATHERING
INSTRUMENTS
1. QUESTIONNAIRE
A paper containing series of questions
formulated for an individual and
independent answering by several
respondents for obtaining statistical
information
Each question offers a number of probable
answers from which the respondents, on the
basis or their own judgment, will choose the
best answer.
Making up a questionnaire are factual and
opinionated questions.
Questions to elicit factual answers
are formulated in a multiple –
choice type and those to ask about
the respondents’ views, attitudes,
preferences, and other opinionated
answers are provided with
sufficient space where the
respondents could write sentential
answers to opinionated questions.
Responses yielded by
this instrument are given
their numerical forms
(numbers, fractions,
percentages) and
categories and are
subjected to statistical
analysis.
Questionnaire is good
for collecting data from
a big number of
respondents situated
in different places.
Interview
It makes you ask a set of
questions done orally.
Oral interview is already a
traditional way of interviewing.
The modern way of interviewing
uses electronic devices such as
mobile phones, telephones, smart
phones and other wireless
devices.
ORDER OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
(SARANTAKOS 2013; FRAENBEL 2012)
3 , 4 , etc., in the
rd th
group
Interval Scale –
showing equal intervals
or differences of people’s
views or attitudes like
this one example of a
scale called Likert
Attitude Scale:
Reading is important:
___________ ________ _________
Strongly agree Agree Undecided
_________ ______________
Disagree Strongly Disagree
How often does your professor come late?
_________ _____________ _________
Always Most of the time Sometimes
_________ _______
Rarely Never
How would you rate your professor’s
performance?
_________ _______ _______
Very Poor Poor Fair
_________ __________
Good Excellent
Ratio Scale – rating
something from zero to a
certain point
Performance in Math
subject – a grade of 89%
(from 0 to 100%)