OLEH:

1. Ni’matus Sa’diyyah (P17220183048)

2. Erna Mujiati (P17220184057)
3. Alfinda Mantofani (P17220184075)
4. Cindy Aprillyaningtyas (P17220184077)
5. M. Ali Yafi (P17220184089)
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 DEFINITION

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an
infectious disease caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
with variable symptoms.
(Depkes,2008)

Pulmonary Other body organs

 ETIOLOGY
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis bacilli
can live and remain virulent for several weeks in
a dry state but in dead liquid at 60 degrees
celsius in 15-20 minutes. These basil are not
sporadic so they are easily eradicated by heating
the sun and ultraviolet rays.
Bacillus
Characteristics of mycobacterium
tuberculosis

Can’t stand the heat

Will die at 6 degrees
Celsius for 15-20 minutes
Resistant to various
chemicals
Continuation...

TYPE OF MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS

Human type Bovin type

 Present in the milk of cows  Comes from droplets in
suffering from intestinal the air that come from TB
tuberculosis mastitis sufferers

(Wim de Jong, 2005)

 Clinical Manifestations
According to Wong (2008) the signs and symptoms of TB
are :
a. Fever
b. Malaise
c. Anorexia
d. Weight loss
e. Increased breathing frequency
f. Ronkhi
g. Cough more than 2 weeks
 PATOFISIOLOGY
The infection begins because someone inhaled mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacillus. Bacteria spread through airway to the alveoli and then multiply and
look piled up. The development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also reach
get to other areas of the lung (upper lobe). Basil also spread through lymphatic
system and blood flow to other parts of the body (kidneys, bones and cerebral
cortex) and other areas of the lung (upper lobe). Next is the system the
immune system responds by doing a reaction inflammation. Neutrophils and
macrophages act phagocytosis (swallowing bacteria), while tuberculosis-
specific lymphocytes destroy (lyses) bacilli and normal tissue. Initial infection
usually occurs within 2-10 weeks after exposure to bacteria. Interaction
between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the immune system in the early days
the infection forms a new tissue mass called granuloma. Granulomas consist of
lumps of living and dead bacillus that are surrounded by macrophages like walls.
The granuloma then changes shape into a mass of fibrous tissue. The middle
part of the mass is called the tubercle ghon. The material consists of
macrophages and bacteria become necrotic which then forms shaped material
like cheese (necrotizing caseosa). This will be the classification and eventually
form collagen tissue, then bacteria become non-active.
 TRANSMISSION

DIRECT INDIRECT
Through phlegm, sneezing, through dust and cutlery
saliva of tuberculosis containing tuberculosis
sufferers mycobacterium bacteria
pyrazinamide INH and
is given for 2 Drug Regimen For 6 Months Rifampicin for
months 4 months
 Supporting investigation
According to Somantri (2008), supporting examinations in patients
tuberculosis is:
a. Sputum Culture
b. Ziehl neelsen: Positive for AFB
c. Skin tests (PPD, mantoux, tine, and vollmer, patch)
d. Chest X-ray
e. Histology or tissue culture: positive for Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
f. Needle biopsy of lung tissue: positive for TB granuloma, large cells that indicate
necrosis
g. Electrolyte
h. Bronchography
i. Lung function tests and blood tests