CONSTRUCTION OF DIBRUGARH

BYPASS

RE-ALIGNMENT OF NH-37 FROM BOGIBEEL JUNCTION

FROM 581.700 KM TO 597.147 KM AT ABCI-JKM(JV)
UNDER NATIONAL HIGHWAY & INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT AND CORPORATION LIMITED.
 INTRODUCTION

The project is Re-alignment of Dibrugarh Bypass from Bogibeel Junction of NH-37

near Lepetkata at 581.700 km to 597.147 km meeting with Tinsukia Bypass under
SARDP-NE (Special Accelerated Road Development Programme in North East)
in the state of Assam on Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) mode.
The project consists of a Railway Over Bridge (ROB). The total length of the
project highway is 15.447 km including a bridge span of 95 m and width of 10.5 m.

The contract of this project has been given to ABCI-JKM which is a Joint Venture
(JV) entity. The date of agreement is 20th February 2015.The initiation date of the
project is 2nd November 2015 and its completion date is 31st October 2018.
 MAP ANALYSIS

ROB

NH-37
DBR BYPASS

TRANS
BOGIBEEL ARUNACHAL
APPROACH
 QUALITY ASSURANCE & QUALITY CONTROL
Quality Assurance includes two principles:-
(i) fit for purpose
(ii) right first time

Quality Control ensures that the quality of

product is maintained and improved and the
defects are eliminated .

Various tests involved in QA & QC are

Sieve analysis , Aggregate impact value ,
Bitumen Extraction test , Compressive test
of concrete , California Bearing ratio,
Marshal stability test, Sand Replacement
method, Moisture test using Moisture meter,
Liquid limit and Plastic limit test.
 MOISTURE TEST USING MOISTURE METER
Moisture of soil is used for various reasons such as to find field compaction,
bearing capacity, settlement, degree of expansion and other various engineering
parameters. So for finding moisture content moisture meter is used by construction
companies. This process takes just a few minute for the result. In this process 1 table
spoon of carbide along with some amount of soil sample is also inserted in the
instrument and the instrument is shaked 25 times vertically and 25 times
horizontally.Then approx value of moisture displays in the instrument.We have
performed the experiment in JKM’s lab and got a reading of 12.5.
 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
A bridge is a structure carrying a road , path ,
railway etc across a river, road or other obstacles.
COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE
Superstructure
All the parts of the bridge which is mounted
on a supporting system can be classified as
Super structure.
Substructure
That part of the structure , which supports the
superstructure and which transfers the
structural load to the foundations.
Foundation
The component which transfers loads from the
substructure to the bearing strata.
 SOIL EXPLORATION & SOIL IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUES
SOIL EXPLORATION

Soil investigation and soil explorations are

conducted for the purpose of site investigation
to get clear information about the soil
properties and hydrological conditions at the
sites. There are different methods for soil
exploration but the method adopted by JKM
for the ROB site was boring.

Auger boring and wash boring were done by the engineers for this project.

SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES

Soil improvement techniques such as Surface compaction, geotextiles and
geomembranes are widely used in this project, apart from them soil reinforcement
and vibration methods are also used.
 GEOTEXTILES & GEOMEMBRANES
Geotextiles are porous fabrics manufactured
from synthetic materials which are primarily
petroleum products and others , such as
polyesters , polyethylene , polypropylene and
polyvinyl chloride , nylon , fiberglass and
various mixtures of these . These are used as
separators , filters , drains , reinforcement ,
geomembranes etc.
SURFACE COMPACTION
Surface compaction of soil is the process in
which a stress applied to a soil causes
Densification as air is displaced from the pores
between the soil grains.
Conventional rollers like smooth wheel ,
rubber tyred , sheep foot, vibratory and grid
rollers can be used.
 FOUNDATION
There are two types of foundation –
1. Shallow Foundation.
2. Deep Foundation.
Pile foundation is used for bridge construction.
PILE FOUNDATION
Pile foundation is the most commonly used
foundation system for bridges. Pile is a slender
compression member driven into or formed in
the ground to transmit loads . It is basically a
long cylinder of a strong material such as
concrete that is pushed into the ground to act
as a steady support for structures built on top of it.
There are two fundamental types of pile foundation-
1. End bearing pile.
2. Friction pile.
The pile foundation used in this construction is friction pile.
 FRICTION PILES & PILE CAP
Friction piles transmit the load through skin
friction.The amount of load this pile can support PILE LOAD
is directly proportional to its length. This piles are
precasted concrete piles having dia 1200 mm.

The pile foundation under the abutments consist

of a group of 6 pre-casted piles and a pile cap of
SKIN
9800 mm X 6800 mm X 1800 mm. FRICTION

The pile foundation under the piers consist of a

group of 8 pre-casted piles and the pile cap of
13500 mm X 5400 mm X 1800 mm . The grade
of concrete used is M35.
FRICTION PILES

`
 SHAFTS(PIERS AND ABUTMENTS) ALONGWITH
PIER/ABUT CAP

Shafts support the superstructure at the end

of the span and transfers the load on the
superstructure to the foundation.

The piers are of size 12900 mm X 1500 mm

X 5484 mm whereas the abutments are of
size 5000mm X 1500mm X 5484mm. The
abutment cap as well as the pier cap are
of size 11500 mm X 3000mm.

Pier/abut caps provide sufficient seating SHAFTS

for the Bridge girders and disperse the loads
from the bearings to the Piers.
 PEDESTAL,BEARINGS AND SEISMIC ARRESTORS
Pedestal is placed above abut /pier cap
for the placement of the bearing.

Bearing transfers loads from the girders

to the pier caps. It is used to resist the
tractive force and helps the bridge not to
become rigid . The bearing that is used in
the project is Elastomeric bearing .

Seismic arrestors are also attached on

the top of the cap to take up the earthquake
loads and prevents the overturning of girder.

BEARINGS
 GIRDER AND SLAB

Girder is that part of superstructure which

is under bending along the span and supports the
deck. Girders often have an I-shape ,box shape,
Z shape and other forms.

The Slab is added lastly above the girder

above which the load will act. Slab transfers loads
to the Girders.The deck/slab is constructed in 3
longitudinal sections of 250m thickness.The end
sections are 30m long whereas the mid-sections
35m

GIRDERS
The end sections are supported by precast
PSC girders of depth 2.2 m and are connected
by cross-girder. The middle section is supported
by composite steel girders (as per Indian Railway
Recommendation for construction of ROB) of
depth 2.35 m joined by 8 mm fillet weld.

Lastly a bituminous wearing coat is provided.

In this project slab is yet to be constructed.

SLAB
 PRESTRESSED PRECAST GIRDERS

In the process of prestressing , load is applied by hydraulic jack. Cables run

through the girders which are pulled and stressing is applied.This cables are kept in
inclined parabolic manner inside the girder. During prestressing process two
hydraulic jacks are inserted in both ends and are equally stressed at same time.
Both the end should give same reading of elongation , if they don’t then average of
the values are taken. This casted girders are thereby carried by cranes and placed
above the bearing .
 CRASH BARRIER,PEDESTRIALS AND RAILINGS
Crash barrier are traffic barriers which keep
the vehicles within their roadway pavement
and prevent them from colliding with
dangerous obstacles such as boulders , sign,
supports, walls . It minimizes injury to
vehicles . They are of various types, bridge
barrier is one that prevents the vehicles
from crashing off the side of the bridge
and falling onto the roadway, river or railroad below.
Pedestrial are constructed for the pedestrian alongside the crash barrier. In this project
1m pedestrials will be used on both sides.
Railings are provided for safety purposes to avoid accidents. It is also constructed for
aesthetic pleasure.
In this project these will be installed after slab casting. We have however witnessed
the crash barrier alongwith pedestrials and railings in the bridge of Khamtighat.
 REINFORCED EARTH WALLS
Reinforced earth wall is a combination of earth
and linear reinforcing strips that are capable of
bearing large tensile stresses. The main purpose
of providing reinforced earth wall is to
confine the earth materials within the proposed
alignment. It is also provided when there is no
sufficient space for providing 2:1 slope approach
sidewise. Reinforced earth walls consists of
paraweb which acts as a belt to connect the
reinforced earth walls and keep them in fixed position. We have also seen the
erection of RE walls and RE panels.
COMPONENTS OF REINFORCED EARTH WALL
 Soil
 Skin
 Reinforcement
SELECTION OF SOIL FOR REINFORCED ZONE
It should be granular, cohesionless material, not too much silt or clay having
particle size not more than 125mm.
The materials shall be sustantially free of shale or other soft, poor durability
particles.
 DRAINAGE SYSTEM INCLUDING CROSS DRAINAGE

Drainage is the process of removing and

controlling excess surface and sub surface
water within the right way. A length up to
3 km drainage system is provided on the
new alignment. The width and depth of the
drainage system is 1.2m and 3m respectively.

CROSS DRAINAGE
 When a small stream crosses a road with linear waterway less than 6 meter, the
cross drainage structure provided is called culvert, for higher value of linear
waterway, the structure is called bridge.
 22 no.s of hume pipe culvert and 2 no.s of RCC box culvert are installed under
.this project on the new alignment of length 13.727 km
 PAVEMENT LAYERS
Pavement is a durable surface material laid down on an area
intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic such as a road.
Generally there are two types of pavements-
i) Rigid pavement.
ii) Flexible pavement.

The project which has been done under NHIDCL is

working on Flexible Pavement.

The different layers of flexible pavement used are –

Embankment, Subgrade, GSB, WMM, DBM and
BC.
EMBANKMENT
It is made of earth soil and there is no
particular thickness.

SUBGRADE
It is a layer of natural soil to receive
the stresses from prepared the layers above.
It should be compacted to the desirable
density, near the optimum moisture content.
In road, the thickness of the subgrade given
is 500mm.

GSB (GRANULAR SUB BASE)

It is the layer of material beneath the base course.Primary functions are to provide
structural support , improve drainage. The thickness of GSB layer in road is 200mm.
WMM (WATER MIX MACADAM)
It is the fourth layer in the flexible pavement.
The total thickness of WMM layer is 250mm.
The WMM is constructed in two layers,
each of thickness 125mm.

DBM (DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM)

It is a binder course used for roads with more
numbers of heavy commercial vehicles and a
close graded premix.
It provides a good quality smooth surface and improved skid resistance.
The thickness of DBM layer is 100mm.

BC (BITUMINOUS CONCRETE)
The bituminous concrete layer is a surface course.
The thickness of this layer is 40mm. Above bituminous concrete layer seal coat is
provided for waterproofing.
 GEOMETRIC DESIGN
The geometric design of highways deals
with the dimensions and layout of visible
features of the highway.
The features normally considered are the
cross section elements , sight distance
consideration, horizontal curves, gradients
and intersection. Objective of geometric
design is to provide optimum efficiency
on traffic operation and maximum safety at
reasonable cost.
CROSS SECTIONAL & DESIGN ELEMENTS OF A ROAD
CARRIAGEWAY
The width of pavement way on which vehicles travel is called carriageway.
SHOULDER
Shoulders are provided along the road edge to serve as an emergency lane
for vehicles.
 CAMBER
Camber is the cross slope provided to raise the middle of the road surface in the
transverse direction to drain off rain water from the road surface.
The camber provided (through the whole length) under NHIDCL project is 2.5%.
Further it slopes to 3% at shoulder for proper drainage.
SUPERELEVATION
Superelevation is the transverse slope provided at horizontal curve to counteract the
centrifugal force, by raising the outer edge of the pavement with respect to the inner
edge of the pavement throughout the length of the horizontal curve.
The maximum SE provided on the curves under NHIDCL project is 5% and
minimum SE is 2%.
 DIFFICULTIES FACED

 During prestressing of girders for railway overbridge pressure applied by hydraulic

jack was not equal at both the ends because there was a difference in switching on
the hydraulic jack. So for overcoming it the average of both the end pressure was
taken.
 Erosion is a major problem of the bridge over
Burhidihing river. During the planning phase
the engineers decided to construct 5 piers and
2 abutments, but now the erosion after 8 years
of construction shifted the last abutment which
was about to be in the bank of river to the river
and still construction of last slab is going on.
 In road construction works due to rainy season
and water logged problems in some places till WMM layer and in some areas DBM
was constructed.
 CONCLUSION
The most important aspect of this training programme is that it enabled us to
learn various topics which are of utmost importance in construction activities,
be it road construction or bridge construction. As the whole training included
construction of a railway over-bridge alongwith a two- lane highway and a little
knowledge about two other bridges over river Buridihing.
They introduced us with various rules and regulations of constructing the
bridges and roads, the construction of box piers over the Railway track instead
of cantilever beams different dimensions of pavement layers, the use of bearing
plates, prestressed girders and the construction of reinforced earth wall on both
the side of approach zone.
We also became familiar with the use of geosheets for soil improvement work.
Roads are constructed by proper designing and the proper drains of adequate
dimensions are constructed all through the road. The culvert used in this project
is balanced culvert thus drainage of water takes place properly.
 THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY—
BINITA DEB – CE/15/259
DEEPJYOTI PHUKAN – CE/15/277
UDAY SHANKAR DEY – CE/15/061
PUJASHREE MOUT – CE/15/392
ZARIR SUBBANI ISLAM – CE/15/401
PANKAJ KARMAKAR – CE/15/053