M4

DIRECTING

• “Directing is the interpersonal aspect of

managing in which subordinates are led to
understand and contribute effectively and
efficiently to achieve organizational
objectives”.
 Features of Directing

• Directing is the link between planning,

organizing and controlling.
• It is the process around which performance
revolves.
• It relates to all levels of management.
• It is a continuous function.
 Principles of Direction
• Harmony of objectives
• Unity of command
• Direct supervision:- Workers should have face to
face interaction with their superiors.
• Efficient communication:- Two way
communication - to get feedback loyalty &
morale from the subordinates.
•
• Follow through:- Seeing that workers are doing
the work in a better way, Otherwise take
remedial measures.
 Elements of Direction

• Communication
• Motivation
• Leadership
Communication
• It means, process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another.
Importance of Communication
• Communication helps to give orders and to keep
the people together in an organization to achieve
a common goal.
• Coordination of group is impossible without
communication.
• To give orders, to allocate job, to explain duties
and for decision making communication is
inevitable.
 Types of Communication
1) On the Basis of Formal Communication
a) Downward Communication:- From superior to
subordinates
Eg: Order, Instructions, etc.
• Information is often lost as it comes down the
chain of command.
b) Upward Communication:- From subordinates to
superiors.
• Eg: Suggestion, Complaints, Feedback, and
Request etc.
c) Horizontal Communication:- Between the same
level of managers to share the information.
2) On the Basis of form of Communication
a) Oral Communication:- Transmission of orders,
messages or suggestions through spoken words.
Can be face to face or through telephone.
b) Written Communication:- Sending the
message through written words.
Eg: Letter, Notice, Memo
c) Non-Verbal Communication:- Expressed through
our body language.
Eg: Facial expression, Gesture
3) On the Basis of Informal Communication
• It is between members of a group on the basis of
informal relations and understanding among
people at the same or different level.
• Eg: Grape Vine.
 Motivation
• It is the process of channelizing a person’s inner
drives so that he can accomplish goals of the
organization more effectively.
Nature of Motivation
• Individuals differ in their motivation.
• Sometimes the individual himself is unaware of
his motivation.
• Motivation changes from time to time.
• Motivations are expressed differently.
• Motivation is complex. It is difficult to explain and
predict.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory

Self
actualiz Attaining maximum potential
ation
needs

Status, Prestige
Esteem Needs

Relation, Friends
Social Needs

Job Securities, Shelter

Safety Needs

Physiological Needs Food, Water

 Leadership
• It is the process of influencing people so that
they will work willingly and enthusiastically
towards the achievement of group goals.
Types
Authoritarian/Autocratic
• He will determine policies and make plans.
• Demands strict obedience
• “Do what I say or else”, will be attitude.
• Generally attract hostility of subordinates.
Democratic Leaders/Participative Leader
• Entire group is involved in decision making and
accepts their responsibilities for goal setting and
achievements.
• Leader has a greater concern for people than for
higher production.
• He reduces intra group conflicts and encourage
constructive inter group relationship.
• Leader is a coordinator.
Laissez Faire/Free Reign Leader
• Leader executes absolutely no control.
• He provides information, materials and facilities.
• Leader permits subordinates to function within
the limits defined by the superior.
 Qualities of Leadership
• Intelligence
• Education
• Ability to communicate
• Initiative
• Sound judgment
• Ability to make quick decision.
• Mental and emotional maturity
• Sense of responsibilities
• Ability to deal with people and securing their co-
operation.
• Empathy
• Ability to guide and teach
• Enthusiasm
• Physical energy and stamina.
 Functions of Leadership
I. Setting and achieving organizational goals.
• Goals setter:- Establishing organizational goals
and objectives
• Planner:- Makes decisions concerning ways
and means by which organizations goals can
be achieved
• Executive:- Responsible for seeing that the
appropriate activities of the organization are
carries out.
II. Planning Operations of the Organisations
• Expert:- Technical information and skill.
• Group representative:- To deal with outside
individuals or groups.
• Surrogate for individual responsibilities for
conveying complaints for the group members to
the superiors.
• Controller of Internal relationship with the
organization:- Co-ordination of activities of
various department.
• Administration of rewards and punishment:-
• Arbitrator and mediator:- To solve conflicts
among the members
III. Symbolic figure for the organization
• Example:- He should be good example or
model for others
• Symbol of the group:- Standing for the group
• Ideologist:- Presenting his ideas concerning
the group
• Father Figure:- Feeling of security
• Scapegoat:- He has to take responsibility for
failure.