“We are Children of Star Dust”

UNIVER
SE
 If you were given a
chance to create your
own world or
universe, how would
it look like?
 The Universe
• In the Bible, there was time when the
world did not exist. Only God existed. He
decided to create the world and with that
decision, the world began. the universe is
everything that exists. All the planets,
stars, and galaxies are part of the
universe, and so, is all of space.

• Cosmology is the study of universe.

Theories on the
Origin of the
Universe
 1. Big Bang Theory
• Most astronomers believe that the universe
began about 15 billion years ago, in a huge
explosion they called the Big Bang.
• This theory successfully explains the
expansion of the universe and the observed
abundance of helium in the universe.
• First developed in 1927 by Georges
Lemaitre (1984-1966)
• and coined and revised by George Gamow
(1904-1968)
Georges Lemaître George Gamow
 2. Open Universe
•  Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) discovered the
galaxies of the universe are moving farther
apart.
• This means that the universe is getting
continually bigger or getting bigger forever.
Alternatively, the galaxies may come together,
until finally they will collide and explode.
• This event is called the “Big Crunch”. If the
Big Crunch occurred, the sky would grow as hot
as the sun. Finally, everything would vanish into
a blackhole.
Edwin
Hubble
 3. Steady State Theory

• Proposed by Hermann Bondi,

Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle in
1928, this suggests that there is
neither beginning nor end to the
universe, and it has a constant mean
density.
• This violates the Law of Conservation
of Matter and Energy.
 Solar
System
Two Popular Models of Solar
System
•Geocentric Model
•Proposed by Claudius Ptolemy
•Heliocentric Model
•During 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus
proposed an opposing idea to the
geocentric model
 Nicolaus Copernicus

Claudius Ptolemy
Companion Star Theory
• Proposed by Fred Hoyle
• Sun once had a companion star. As this star
collided with the sun, it eventually exploded and
its materials were held by the sun’s gravitation.
• From this materials, various planets and other
bodies in the solar system were formed.
Nebular Hypothesis
• Proposed by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and Pierre-
Simon Laplace (1749-1827)
• Earliest theory of how the Solar System originated.

• This theory presumes that the Solar System began as

a cloud of dispersed interstellar gas called nebula.
The Planetesimal Theory
• Proposed by French scientist, George Comte de
Buffon (1778)
• He supposed that the planetary system was
formed from the materials removed from the
sun by great gravitation.
• Eventually, the materials cooled and condensed
to form small bodies, which, in the course of
time become planets.
The Dust Cloud Theory

•Formulated by the German physicist

Carl Friedrich von Weizsacken and
US chemist Harold C. Urey
•The theory states that the universe
is composed of Dust and Gas.