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Organization

OF SOCIETY

GROUP 3, ABM - E
Review
• Man as a social being needs other people
to realize his dreams .
•He cannot survive without the help of
other people. Hence, people pay different
roles in society in order to attain
economic development as well as peace and
stability.
•There are different factors that
influence and affect man’s capacity to
become a good member of society.
Organization of Society

• Socially defined standards are


violated since moral standards change
over time and vary from one society
or group to another.
• Crime and juvenile delinquency are
examples of deviance that affect the
social conditions of our society.
Organization of Society

• The role of social groups is


essential in providing support
system to the members of society.
• According to Fichter, every
group has norms of behavior that
influence the way in which roles
are enacted.
Organization of Society
• There are established bases for
different groups which help in their
classification such as common
ancestry, territorial proximity,
bodily characteristics, and common
interest.
• These facets help in understanding
how groups are organized and how
members are connected or related to
Content Standard:

1. How individuals learn culture and


become competent members of society

2. How individuals should behave as a


part of a political community.
Performance Standard:
1. Identify norms and values to be
observed in interacting with others in
society, and consequences of ignoring
these rules.
2. Assesses the rules of social
interaction to maintain the stability
of everyday life and the role of
innovation in response to problems and
challenges.
3. Recognize the value of human rights and
promote the common good.
Socialization
• A continuing process whereby an
individual acquires a personal
identity and learns the norms,
values, behavior, and social skills
appropriate to his and social
position.
• It is a continuous process in life.
Socialization
Socialization can be described from two points
of view: objectively and subjectively (Palispis,
2007 p.108)

Objective • Refers to the society


acting upon the child
Socialization

Subjective
• The process by which society
transmits its culture from one
generation to the next and adapts

Socialization
the individual to the accepted
and approved ways of organized
social life
This perspective on socialization
helps Indentity of individuals
which is essential in
establishing his/her social life.
Likewise, it includes the
following functions:
Personality and • It is through the process of socialization that we develop
Role Development our sense of identity and belongingness

Skill Development • The much needed social skills such as communication,


and Training interpersonal, and occupational are developed.

• Individuals are influenced of engulfed by the prevailing


Values Formation values of social groups and society.

Social Integration • The Socialization process allows us to fit-in an organized


and Adjustment way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting

• Integration to society binds individuals to the control mechanism set


Social Control and forth by society’s norms with regard to acceptable social relationship and
social behavior
Stability
Socialization
•It is an instrument on how an
individual will adapt to his
existing environment in order to
survive.
•The change in man’s social
reality modifies his culture.
•The importance of socialization
is very vital in man’s daily
life.
Importance
of
Socialization
Family

Mass
Media
School
Agents
of
Work
Socialization
Church
Place

Peer
Group
Agents of Socialization
•Socialization will not be take place without the agents
of socialization. Local groups or institution which has a
significant role in introducing and integrating the
individual as an accepted and functioning member of
society (Banaag, 2012 p.138)
•They guide every individual in understanding what is
happening in our society
•Socialization occurs throughout our life, but some of
the most important socialization occurs in childhood.
The norms include society’s standards of morality, good
manners, legality, and integrity. The following are forms
of social norms:
• These are costumary patterns that specify what is socially correct and proper in
everyday life
Folkwa • They are repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed
within a group of community
ys

• They define what is morally right and morally wrong


• These are folkways with ethical and moral significance which are strongly held and
Mores emphasized

• These are norms that are enforced formally by a special political organization
• Component of culture that regulates and controls the people behavior and conduct
Laws
Robin William attempted to identify the
major value orientations of many societies

Achievement and Success

Activity and Work

Moral Orientation

Humanitarianism

Efficiency and Practicality


In a study about Filipino values, Jaime Bulatao,
SJ, discovered the following values held highly by
the Filipinos
Emotional Closeness and
Security in the Family

Authority Value

Economic and Social


Betterment

Patience, Suffering, and


Endurance
Achieved Ascribed
Statuses Statuses

It is acquired by Those which are


choice, merit, or assigned to the
individual effort individual from birth

It is made possible
through special It involves little
abilities or talents, personal choice like
performance or age and sex
opportunities

Choice in occupation,
It carries with it certain
marriage, joining a
expectations of
religious organization
behavior
are examples
Agents of Socialization
•Socialization will not be take place without the agents
of socialization.
•Local groups or institution which has a significant role
in introducing and integrating the individual as an
accepted and functioning member of society (Banaag, 2012
p.138)
•They guide every individual in understanding what is
happening in our society
•Socialization occurs throughout our life, but some of
the most important socialization occurs in childhood.
Conformity
and
Deviance

Conformity
The identification of oneself in society is always
relative to his/ her existing environment, Social
role must be performed in connection with the
expected behavior. Erving Goffman, in his book The
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, tried to show
how certain social processes modify the presentation
of self and impact of role expectations on the
behavior of an individual. To Goffman, everyone is
consciously playing a role. When persons present
themselves to others in everyday interaction, they
organize their overt behavior in such a ways as to
guide and control the impressions others form of
them to elicit role- taking response (Panopio,
Conformity
• More so, it is a process of
conformity where individuals attempt
to change his/her behavior because of
the desire to conform with defined
social norm. Kelman (1958)
distinguished between the different
types of conformity: COMPLIANCE,
INTERNALIZATION, IDENTIFICATION, and
INGRATIATIONAL
Conformity and Deviance
•COMPLIANCE (or group
acceptance)
This occurs ‘when an individual accepts
influence because he hopes to achieve a
favorable reaction from another person or
group. He adopts the induced behavior because
he expects to gain specific rewards or
approval and avoids specific punishment or
disapproval by conformity
Conformity and Deviance
• INTERNALIZATION (genuine
acceptance of group norms)
This occurs when an individual accepts
influence because the content of the induced
behavior – the ideas and actions of which it
is composed – is intrinsically rewarding. He
adopts the induced behavior because it is
congruent or consistent with his value
system’ (Kelman, 1958).
Conformity and Deviance
• INTERNALIZATION (genuine
acceptance of group norms)
Internalizations always involves public and
private conformity. A person publicly changes
his behavior to fit in with the group, while
also agreeing with others privately. This is
the deepest level of conformity where the
beliefs of the group become part if the
individual’s own belief system.
Conformity and Deviance
• IDENTIFICATION (or group membership)
This occurs ‘when an individual accepts influence
because he wants to establish or maintain a
satisfying self-defining relationship to another
person or group” (Kelman, 1958). Individuals conform
to the expectations of a social role, e.g. nurses,
police officers. It is similar to compliance as
there does not have to be a change in private
opinion.
Conformity and Deviance
• Ingratiational

This is when a person conforms to


impress or gain favor/acceptance from
other people. It is similar to normative
influence, but is motivated by the need
for social rewards rather than the
threat of rejection, i.e., group
pressure does not enter the decision to
Deviance
• On the other hand, nonconformity of an
individual would mean deviation from acceptable
social norms which is known as social deviance.
Social deviance refers to any behavior that
differs or diverges from established social
norms (Banaag, 2012) The concept of deviance is
complex because norms vary considerably across
groups, times and places. In other words, what
one group may consider acceptable, another may
consider deviant.
Function Of Deviance
• Ronald W. Smith and Frederick W. Preston outlined
some functions which deviance performs to support
social system in the following:
• Deviance serves as an outlet for diverse forms of
expression.

• Deviance serves to define the limits or


acceptable behavior

• Deviance may also promote in-group solidarity

• Deviance can serve as a barometer of social


strain

Sociological Theories
1. Functionalist Theory
of Deviance
- According to Emile Durkheim, deviance can
serve a number of functions for society. He
asserted that there is nothing abnormal in
deviance. He gave four major functions of
deviance:

a. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms


b. Responding to deviance clarifies moral
boundary
c. Responding to deviance promotes social unity
d. Deviance encourages social change
Sociological Theories of Deviance
• 2. Strain Theory

- Robert Merton argued that in an


unequal society the tension or strain
between socially approved goals and an
individual’s ability to meet those goals
through socially approved means will
lead to deviance as individuals reject
either goals, the means, or both.
Sociological Theories of Deviance
• Robert K. Merton’s Deviance Typology
Institutionalised Means
Sociological Theories
of Deviance
• Merton gave the following forms of deviance that
emerge from strain (Palispis 2007)

a. Conformity- It involves accepting both the cultural


goal of success and the use of legitimate means for
achieving that goal

b. Innovation- This response involves accepting the


goal of success but rejecting the use of socially accepted
means of achieving it, turning instead to unconventional,
illegitimate means.
Sociological Theories of Deviance
c. Ritualism- This occurs when people deemphasize
or reject the importance of success once the realize
the will never achieve it and instead concentrate on
following or enforcing these rules than ever was
intended.

d. Retreatism- This means withdrawal from society


caring neither about success nor about working

e. Rebellion- This occurs when people reject and


attempt to change both the goals and the means
approved by society.
Sociological Theories
of Deviance
•3. Control Theory

- Travis Hirschi assumed that the


family, school, and other social
institutions can greatly contribute to
social to social order by controlling
deviant tendencies in very individual.
Social Control of Deviance
In order to regulate non conformity with the
social norms, society created measures in order to
limit deviance. Social control refers to the
efforts of a group or society to regulate the
behavior of its members is conformity with
established norms (Palispis, 2007). Social control
includes the use of behavioral restraints to
encourage people to follow set social
expectations.

There are two types of sanctions:


Social Control of Deviance
• These are unofficial, often casual pressures to conform.
• Positive informal sanctions reward for conformity or
compliance. Examples are: smiles, kiss, an affirmation, or
words of approval
Informal • Negative sanctions or informal sanctions involve penalties for
not conforming. These may take the form of ridicule, ostracism,
Sanctions rejection, or even expulsion form the group.

• These are official, institutionalized incentives to conform and


penalties for deviance.
• These are needed in large, complex societies.
• The criminal justice system is the most important and visible
Formal institution of social control.
• These may take the form of arrest, pre-trial, sentencing, or
Sanctions imprisonment.
Human Rights Dignity
Human rights are natural rights of all
humans beings whatever their nationality,
religion, ethnicity, sex, language, and
color. We are equally entitled to our human
rights without discrimination. Hence human
rights are inalienable rights that protect
our dignity as human beings. There are
different kinds of right people enjoy in a
democratic society, namely:
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and Dignity
Natural Rights
-These are rights inherent to
man and given to him by God as
human being. Example of these
rights are the right to live,
love and be happy.
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and Dignity
Constitutional Rights

-These are the rights guaranteed under


the fundamental charter of the country.
Examples of these rights are the rights
against unreasonable searches and
seizures, the rights against bill of
attainder, and the rights safeguarding
the accused under the Bill of Rights
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and Dignity
Statutory Rights

-These are rights provided by the


lawmaking body of a country or by
law, such as the right to receive
a minimum wage and the right to
preliminary investigation.
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and Dignity
Civil Rights

-These are rights specified under


the Bill of Rights, such as
freedom of speech, right to
information. These are rights
enjoyed by an individual by virtue
of his citizenship in a state or
community.
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and Dignity
Economic Rights

-These are rights to property,


whether personal, real, or
intellectual. Some examples of these
rights include the following: right
to use and dispose his property,
right to practice one’s profession
and right to make a living
Natural
Rights

Political Constitu-
Rights tional
Rights

Rights
of
Human
Beings
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights

Civil
Rights
Human Rights and
Dignity
Political Rights

-These are rights an individual


enjoys as a consequences of being a
member of a body politic. Some
examples of political rights are the
following: right to vote and right to
be voted into public office.
Human Rights and
Dignity
• The protection of the different rights of
human beings promotes the notion of human
dignity. Dignity of human being is an
essential concept in the society as well
as in morality, because through it he
quality and honor of the people can be
determined, and from the sense of dignity
the concept of human rights can also be
measured.
Human Rights and
Dignity
• knowledge and understanding of
individuals of their basic human
right will help in identifying their
duties and responsibilities as member
of society. Likewise, the role of the
agents of socialization will help the
each individual to become a
HUMAN DIGNITY IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT
HUMAN RIGHT FROM
WHICH ALL OTHER
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
DERIVE

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