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Guided by: Prepared by:

Asst Prof. MD AKRAM SUMAIYYA ZAFFAR
Reg. No. 170312881010

MESCO College Of Pharmacy

Hyderabad. 5000026 (Telanaga)

2015-2016
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 CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Prevalence
4. Eitology
5. Signs & symptoms
6. Types
7. Treatment & diagnosis
8. Conclusion 3
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 DEPRESSION…..?????

 In Psychotherapy and psychiatry,

a period of unhappiness and
low morale.
 Lasts longer than several weeks.
 May include Ideation of
self-inflicted injury or suicide.
 Chronic in nature.

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According to WHO:-
 A common mental disorder
INVOLVES:
 Loss of interest/pleasure
 Feelings of guilt
 low self worth
 Disturbed sleep/apetite
 Low energy
 Poor concentration.
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 PREVALENCE:
 Depression occurs in persons
of all genders,ages and
backgrounds.
 It is a common illness
affecting 121million people
worldwide.
 It is among the leading
disability in the world.
 It affects18.8 million
Americans each year. 8
 An estimated one in 10 Americans suffer
from depression.
 15% of the population of most developing
countries suffer from depression.
 India ranks 5th in depression with a rate of
1,400 persons affected every year.
 Hundreds and thousands of medications
are given out each year to treat
depression.
 15% of depressed persons commit
suicide.
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Causes

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 * Genetic or heriditary

* Biological /biochemical

* Dietary

*Environment

* Socio cultural factors/Relationships/

personality /situations
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Genetic or heriditary :-

 Family history

complex
state

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Biological or biochemical factors:-
 It is caused by Biochemical imbalances in brain.
 The chemical messengers in brain called as
“Neurotransmitters” allow communication across nerves that
connect different regions of brain.
 The “mood regulating’’ monoamine type of neurotransmitters
namely Noradrenaline(NA)and Serotonin (5HT) fail to function
normally.
NORADRENALINE

SEROTONIN

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Socio cultural factors:-
Major life changes
 Negative or particularly stressfull events can trigger
depression.
Ex:- Death of a loved one , loss of job, physical abuse,
family troubles etc.
Major illness such as heart attack,stroke,or cancer may
also trigger depression

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 A serious loss,difficult
relationship,
poverty,financial
problems or
any stressful change in
life patterns
can trigger a depressive
episode. 20
Other Causes :-


 alcohol or other drugs


NO APPARENT

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 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:

-Sadness - social withdrawl -poor self esteem

-Anger - lack of energy -loss of interest
-Guilt - low motivation -suicidal tendency
-Hopeless - sleeping problems

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ADDITIONAL SYMPTOMS:

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1) Major depression(MD)

2) Dysthymia

3) Bipolar disorder/Mania

4) Seosonal affective
disorder (SAD)

5) Post partum depression

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MAJOR DEPRESSION:

DYSTHYMIA:

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BIPOLAR DISORDER/MANIA:

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Seasonal effective disorder(SAD):

POST PARTUM DEPRESSION:

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 Brain

amygdala,hippocampus,
hypothalamus frontal lobes etc

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 Cortisol(stress hormone)

shrinkage of hippocampus

Increase in size of amygdala

.

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 (position • HIPPOCAMPUS
emission
tomography)

• FRONTAL LOBE
shrinkage

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 PHARMACOLOGICAL

NONPHARMA-
-COLOGICAL

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 ANTIDEPRESSANTS:

thymoleptics/mood elevators/
Psychic enegizers.
CLASSIFICATION:

i) NA+5HT reuptake inhibitors:

ii) Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors:

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Selective serotonin
reuptakeinhibitors(SSRI’S)

Atypical Antidepressants:

MAO Inhibitors:

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MOA OF TCA’S:

MOA OF SSRI’S:

MOA OF MAO INHIBITORS :

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

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“Often a combined treatment
works best ’’

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 herbs






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 DIAGNOSIS
presence “FIVE’’

 Sad,depressed daily mood

 Loss of interest in usual activities
 Poor apetite,weight loss
 Loss of energy
 Negative thoughts
 Recurrent thoughts of suicide/death.

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IF YOU OR ,SOMEONE YOU KNOW
HAS SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION.

TAKE ACTION….!!!
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 See a doctor for complete medical
checkup.

 Go to the counselling center &

talk with a professional counsellor.

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 Don’t expect too much of yourself.
 Take a break.
 Get some exercise & meditation.
 Avoid extra stress.
 Adequate sleep.
 Having positive outlook towards life
helps in minimizing the occurrence of depression.

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