Introduction to Engineering

Drawing
&
Projection of Points
 Semester: I/II
COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING
(Practice)
Course Code:18ME16/26 CIE Marks: 50
Credits: L:T:P:1:0:2 SEE Marks:50
Hours: 12L+24P SEE Duration: 03 Hours
UNIT-I
02 Hrs
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED SKETCHING
Drawing Instruments, BIS conventions, size of drawing sheet, Dimensioning, line conventions, material
conventions, Drawing scale, Types of Projections.
Working with software – Basic commands for creation of drawings and dimensions.
UNIT-II
08 Hrs
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
Projection of points in all the four quadrants.
Projection of straight lines (First Angle Projection)true and apparent lengths, true and apparent inclinations
to reference planes, mid-point problems, simple application problems.
Projection of plane surfaces: Projections of regular plane surfaces–triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon,
hexagon and circle inclined to both the planes- using change of position method
UNIT-III
06 Hrs
PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS
Projections of right regular tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube), prisms, pyramids, and cones with axis inclined
to both the planes
UNIT-IV
04 Hrs
DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES OF SOLIDS
Introduction to section planes and sectional views, Development of lateral surfaces of right regular prisms,
cylinders, pyramids, cones and their frustums resting with base on HP only
UNIT-V
04 Hrs
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple plane figures, Isometric projection of hexahedron(cube),
right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres. combination of two simple solids Page 2
 CIE Scheme
# Particulars Marks

1 Manual Drawing (sketch book) 20

2 CAED Printouts 10

3 Test (Manual Drawing) 10

4 Lab Test 10

Total 50
 Scheme of Examination [SEE]
PART A (Answer any Two Questions) (Manual Drawing only)

# Chapter Marks

Q1 Projections of Points 10

Q2 Projections of Lines 10

Q3 Projections of Planes 10
 Scheme of Examination [SEE]

# Chapter Marks Total

Manual CAD

Q4 Projections of Solids 05 10 15

Q5 Developments 05 10 15

Q3 Isometric Projections 05 10 15

PART A (Answer any Two Questions) (Manual Drawing only)

PART B (Manual drawing + CAD) (Answer any Two Questions)
 Graphic Language & Effectiveness

Try writing the description of these pictures……………

 Graphic Language & Effectiveness
………………..………Or these pictures

make a sketch or visualize from your description.

 Graphic Language & Effectiveness

It can be found that …

The word language is

inadequate
for describing the
size, shape and features
completely as well as concisely.
• Graphical representation of an object is called
drawing
• Engineering Drawing: A drawing of an object which
contains all the necessary information like actual
shape , accurate sizes, manufacturing methods etc
required for construction of an object.
• Computer Aided Engineering Drawing: is a
technique where engineering drawings are produced
with the assistance of a computer and as with manual
drawing, is only the graphical means of representing
a design.
 Engineering disciplines using drawing
• Aerospace: Layout drawings, part drawings, subassemblies,
assemblies ·
• Chemical: Process schematics, process plant layout drawings
• Civil, Construction: Structural detail drawings, site plan drawings,
construction drawings, road - use plans ·
• Electrical, Computer: Circuit board design, very large system
integration (VLSI) design ·
• Industrial and Manufacturing: Manufacturing plant layout
drawings, subassemblies, assemblies
• Mechanical : part drawing, subassemblies, assemblies
 Projection
• The Graphical form of representation of an object is
called drawing.
• A drawing of an object which contains all the
necessary information, like actual shape, size
(technical details), required for the construction of an
object is called Engineering drawing.
• An engineering drawing is a type of technical
drawing, is used to fully and clearly define
requirements for engineered items.
 Plane of Projection
• A plane of projection (i.e, an image or picture plane)
is an imaginary flat plane upon which the image
created by the line of sight is projected.
• The image is produced by connecting the points
where the lines of sight pierce the projection plane.
• In effect, 3-D object is transformed into a 2-D
representation, also called projections.
• The paper or computer screen on which a drawing is
created is a plane of projection.
 Projection theory
In engineering, 3-dimensonal objects and structures are
represented graphically on a 2-dimensional media. The act of
obtaining the image of an object is termed “projection”. The
image obtained by projection is known as a “view”. A simple
projection system is shown in figure 1.
All projection theory are based on two variables:
Line of sight Plane of projection.
 Projection Methods
Two projection methods used are:
Perspective and Parallel

A schematic representation of a Perspective projection

 Parallel Projection

A schematic representation of a Parallel projection

Principle Planes of Projections and Position of
Quadrants
First angle projection
Third angle Projection
Convention for rotation of planes
Location of a Point in Four Quadrants
 CONVENTIONS
• OBJECT IS ALWAYS FIXED

• OBSERVER MOVES

• PROFILE PLANE IS ROTATED

BACKWARDS
Position of Point in different Quadrants
Quadrant View Observer Object/POP Object/POP
(in between)
I FV Observer Object POP
TV Observer Object POP
II FV Observer POP Object
TV Observer Object POP
III FV Observer POP Object
TV Observer POP Object
IV FV Observer Object POP
TV Observer POP Object
Projection of Points in Four quadrants