Performance of Corrosion inhibitors under the Combined

Effect of Chloride and Sulfate Contamination in Concrete

Presented By:
Muhammad Irfan Khan
g201408840

Presented To:
Dr. Mohammed Maslehuddin

CE 504- Corrosion Reinforced Concrete

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 Introduction
• The premature deterioration of RCC structures has resulted in diversion of resources towards
repair and rehabilitation.
• Deterioration of concrete structure due to reinforcement corrosion has generated research
interest.
• The protection measures that can be utilized to protect reinforcement corrosion are
a) Production of dense, impermeable concrete using appropriate design & construction
practices.
b) Application of hydrophobic agents or surface coatings.
c) Protection of steel through metallic or non-metallic coatings or the use of chemical inhibitors.

However there is an increasing trend towards the use of chemical inhibitors.

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 Need for evaluation of inhibitor’s performance in
service environment
• Researcher evaluated the efficiencies of following inhibitors in inhibiting the reinforcement
corrosion
a) Stannous chloride
b) Sodium Benzoate
c) Sodium Nitrite
d) Potassium chromate
e) Calcium nitrite
• The performance of inhibitors under the combined presence of chloride and sulfate ions has
not been well studied.
• The performance of three inhibitors has been evaluated under the presence of sulfate &
chloride ions in this research

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 Experimental Details
• Corrosion Inhibitors
• Preparation of Steel Specimens
• Preparation of Simulated Concrete Pore Solution (SCPS)
• Test Procedure
• Corrosion Current Measurement
• Results and Discussion

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 Experimental Details
Corrosion Inhibitors
• Based on local market and literature review, three corrosion inhibitors were selected.
• A brief description of each inhibitor is given in the following table:

Inhibitor Inhibitor Type Dosage*(L/m3)

Inhibitor I (Proprietary) A liquid admixture based on calcium nitrite 15
Inhibitor II (Generic) Calcium nitrite 15
Inhibitor III (Proprietary) A liquid admixture based on modified amino-alcohol 15

* As recommended by the manufacturers

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 Experimental Details

Preparation of Steel Specimens

• Reinforcing steel sample 16 mm in diameter and 28 mm long.
• The surface of steel sample was cleaned using sand paper and acetone.
• Ends of steel specimen was coated with epoxy resin.
• Top side of steel sample was drilled with coarse-threaded stainless steel.

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 Experimental Details
Simulated Concrete Pore Solution (SCPS)
• SCPS was used as an electrolyte.
• The composition of SCPS was based on analysis conducted at KFUPM.
• One liter of SCPS was prepared with
a) 974 ml of distilled water
b) 14g of KOH
c) 10g of NaOH
d) 2g of Ca(OH)2
e) SCPS was contaminated with constant chloride contamination of 1000 ppm and varying
concentration of sulfate (0, 500 and 2000 ppm)

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 Experimental Details
Test Procedure:

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 Experimental Details
Test Procedure: Corrosion Current Measurement

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 Experimental Details
Test Procedure: Corrosion Current Measurement

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 Experimental Details
Test Procedure: Potentiodynamic Polarization
• PDP studied were conducted on the bare steel bars exposed to SCPS admixed with selected inhibitors, chloride and sulfate concentration.
• The potential current curves were recorded by changing electrode potential from -900 to +900 mv with rate of 15 mv/minute.

• These curves were utilized to study the nature of corrosion and also to obtain corrosion potential and corrosion current density.

Corrosion Current density:

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 Results and Discussion
Theoretical Polarization Scans
The Anodic Scan:
• A schematic anodic polarization curve is shown.

• The scan starts from point 1 and progresses in the positive (potential) direction until termination at point 2.

• The open circuit or rest potential is located at point A. At this potential the sum of the anodic and cathodic reaction
rates on the electrode surface is zero.

• As the potential increases, we move into region B, which is the active region. In this region, metal oxidation is the dominant reaction
taking place.

• Point C is known as the passivation potential, and as the applied potential increases above
this value the current density is seen to decrease with increasing potential (region D) until a low, passive current density is achieved
(Passive region - Region E).

• Once the potential reached a sufficiently positive value (Point F, sometimes termed the breakaway potential) the

applied current rapidly increases (region G)

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 Results and Discussion

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 Results and Discussion

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Results and Discussion

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 Results and Discussion

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 Conclusion
• PDP curves exhibited significant decrease in corrosion potential as the sulfate concentration
increased from 0 to 2000 ppm indicating that the presence of sulfate ions in combination with
chloride contamination accelerates the corrosion process.
• The corrosion current density of steel specimens immersed in SCPS incorporating the selected
inhibitors increased by two to three times with an increase in the sulfate concentration from 0
to 2000 ppm.
• The selected inhibitors were efficient in decreasing the rate of corrosion. However, the
efficiency of all selected inhibitors decreased with an increase in the sulfate concentration.
• The corrosion inhibiting efficiency of selected inhibitors is in the following order of performance
from best to the worst: Inhibitor-I >> Inhibitor-II > Inhibitor-III.

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