Ms. Camille Jam L.

Sera
Important Dates

June 12, 1898
• Philippines’ Independence Day
1898
• Philippine Revolution

1872
 TWO MAJOR EVENTS
IN 1872

1. Cavite Mutiny

2. Martyrdom •GOMBURZA
of the three (Fathers Mariano
martyr Gomes, Jose Burgos
priests and Jacinto Zamora )
 Spanish Perspective

Jose Montero y Vidal (Spanish historian )
•documented the event
•Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the
Philippines

Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s

•official report
•native clergy - active in the call for secularization
•To take religion out of something
 COMMON THING BETWEEN
MONTERO AND IZQUIERDO

Abolition of
privileges non-payment of tributes
(main reasons
of the exemption from force labor
revolution)

Other Spanish Revolution which overthrew the secular

throne
Causes:
dirty propagandas and “rebels”to install a new
“hari” in the likes of Fathers Burgos and
Zamora.
 Other Causes

The general even added that the native
clergy enticed other participants by
giving them charismatic assurance that
their fight will not fail because God is
with them coupled with handsome
promises of rewards such as
employment, wealth, and ranks in the
army.
 Conspiracy

The two Spaniards deemed that the event of 1872
was planned earlier and was thought of it as a big
conspiracy
The alleged pre-concerted signal among the
conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the

Firing of rockets from the

walls of Intramuros.
 20 January 1872

Feast of the Virgin of Loreto
•district of Sampaloc
•feast celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks
displays
•Cavite mistook the fireworks as the sign for the attack

Sergeant Lamadrid
• launched an attack targeting Spanish officers
with 200-men
 RESULT

Major instigators including Sergeant Lamadrid
were killed in the skirmish
 GOMBURZA were tried by a court-martial
and were sentenced to die by strangulation.
Patriots like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio
Ma. Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and other
abogadillos were suspended by the Audencia
(High Court) from the practice of law, arrested
and were sentenced with life imprisonment at
the Marianas Island.
 February 17 1872

To instill fear among the Filipinos so
that they may never commit such
daring act again.
GOMBURZA were
executed
This event was tragic but served as one of the
moving forces that shaped Filipino nationalism.
 Filipino Version of the
Incident

Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera
(Filipino scholar and researcher)
•wrote the Filipino version of the bloody
incident in Cavite
•the incident was a mere MUTINY
•Filipino soldiers and laborers who turned
out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges.
 MUTINY

Conspiracy among a group
of people to openly oppose,
change or overthrow a
lawful authority of which
they do not agree.
 Policies of Gov.
Izquierdo

The abolition of privileges of
the workers and native army
members

The prohibition of the founding

of school of arts and trades for
the Filipinos
 January 20, 1872

Sergeant Lamadrid
•about 200 men comprised of
soldiers, laborers, and residents of
cavite
•rose in arms and assassinated the
commanding officer and Spanish
officers in sight.
 News about the mutiny
reached authorities in Manila

Gen. Izquierdo immediately
ordered the reinforcement of
Spanish troops in Cavite. After
two days, the mutiny was
officially declared subdued.
 Government in Madrid

Announced its intention to deprive the friars
of all the powers of intervention in matters
of civil government and the direction and
management of educational institutions.

This turnout of events was believed by

Tavera, prompted the friars to do something
drastic in their desire to maintain power in
the Philippines.
 Segismundo Moret

He promoted the fusion of sectarian
schools run by the friars into a school
called Philippine Institute.

The decree proposed to improve the standard

of education in the Philippines by:
Requiring teaching positions in such
schools to be filled by competitive
examinations.
 
Tavera sadly confirmed that the
Madrid government came to believe
that the scheme was true without any
attempt to investigate the real facts or
extent of the alleged “revolution”
reported by Izquierdo and the friars.
 
Convicted educated men who
participated in the mutiny were
sentenced life imprisonment
while members of the native
clergy headed by the
GOMBURZA were tried and
executed by garrote.
 Awakening of
nationalism

This episode leads to the
awakening of nationalism
and eventually to the
outbreak of Philippine
Revolution of 1896.
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

There was dissatisfaction
First

among the workers of the

arsenal as well as the
members of the native
army after their
privileges were drawn
back by Gen. Izquierdo
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

Gen. Izquierdo
Second

introduced rigid and

strict policies that made
the Filipinos move and
turn away from Spanish
government out of
disgust
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

The Central Government
Third

failed to conduct an
investigation on what
truly transpired but relied
on reports of Izquierdo
and the friars and the
opinion of the public
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

The happy days of the friars were
Fourth
already numbered in 1872 when the
Central Government in Spain
decided to deprive them of the
power to intervene in government
affairs as well as in the direction
and management of schools
prompting them to commit frantic
moves to extend their stay and
power
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

The Filipino clergy members
Fifth

actively participated in the

secularization movement in
order to allow Filipino
priests to take hold of the
parishes in the country
making them prey to the
rage of the friars
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

Filipinos during the
Sixth

time were active

participants, and
responded to what
they deemed as
injustices
 Unraveling the Truth
Some basic facts that remained to be unvarying:

The execution of GOMBURZA was a
Lastly
blunder on the part of the Spanish
government, for the action severed the
ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the
event inspired Filipino patriots to call
for reforms and eventually
independence. There may be different
versions of the event, but one thing is
certain, the 1872 Cavite Mutiny paved
way for a momentous 1898.
 12 June 1898

It may be a glorious event for us, but we should
not forget that before we came across to victory,
our forefathers suffered enough. As we enjoy
our freedom, may we be more historically
aware of our past to have a better future ahead
of us. And just like what Elias said in Noli me
Tangere, may we “not forget those who fell
during the night.”