NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY

PROF. CARIDAD C. LINTAO, RN., MAN

 Functions of Nutrition

– is to maintain life by allowing one to grow

and be in state of optimum health.
 Reason for Nutrition Applied to Nursing Care;

1. Preventing disease or illnesses.

2. Adapting food patterns of individual needs within the
framework of their cultural economic, and psychological
situation, and style.
3. For therapeutic purposes, modify nutritional factors by
being aware on the needs in specified diseases.
 Role of Nutrient in the Body

1. To provide heat and energy.

2. To build and repair body tissues.
3. To regulate body processes.
Nutrients can be classified according to;
1. Function
2. Chemical properties
3. Essentiality
4. Concentration
 3 Major Nutrients

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Protein
• BOMB CALORIMETER = it is a device that
measure total calorie content available from
food.
Energy = is the force of power that enable the body to do its work.

Calorie = standard unit in measuring heat. By product when

carbohydrates, fats, and protein are oxidized in the body.

Kilogram calorie (kcal) = Unit of energy used in human nutrition.

Kilocalories (kcal) = measured heat and food energy

Joule = is measure of energy in metric system.

Carbohydrate = 4 calories per gram
Protein = 4 calories per gram
Fat = 9 calories per gram

1000 calories = 1 kcalories

1 calorie (kilocalorie) = 4,184 joules (kilojoules)
1 kilogram of water = 1 degree centigrade
1 tablespoon of sugar = 15 grams
15 gram X 4 Kcal = 60kcal
1 calorie per kilogram of body weight per hour for an adult
BMR 1 kcal x 65 kgs. x 24 hours = 1404 kcal.
 Calculation of Food Value

One cup of Milk

12 grams of carbohydrates x 4 cal/gm = 48kcal
8 grams of protein x 4 cal/gm = 32 kcal
10 grams of fats x 9 cal/gm = 90 kcal
170 kcal
1 cup of Milk = 170 kcal
170 kcal X 4,184 kjoules = 711.28 kjoules
To calculate the percentage of kcalories from
the fat.

90 fat kcal / 170kcal = 0.53 = 53%

32 protein kcal / 170 kcal = 0.19 = 19%
48 carbohydrate kcal/ 170 kcal = = 0.28 = 28%
100%
 Calculation of Food Value

Another Example;
12 grams of carbohydrates x 4 cal/gm = 48kcal
8 grams of protein x 4 cal/ gm = 32 kcal
10 grams of fats x 9 cal/gm = 90 kcal
170 kcal
Sugar 1 gram x 4 kcal = 4 kcal
174 kcal
CHO 30%
PROTEIN 18%
FATS 52%
100%
 Calculation of Food Value
Direction; Calculate the physiologic value of the following food
items and percentage of each of the nutrients
Food items Grams Calories Percentage
1. 1gram pineapple juice
with tbsp. sugar

2. 1 cup pork sinigang w/ 2

pcs. liempo and ½ cup
vegetables

3. 1 bacon sandwich w/ 2
strips bacon, 2 pcs. loaf
bread and 1 tbsp.
mayonnaise

4. 1 cup kare – kare w/ ¾

cup ox tripe. ½ cup
vegetables and 2 tbsp.
peanut butter
5. 1 cup fried rice w/ 1
scrambled egg, 1 hotdog
and 1 tbsp oil.
 Table 1
ENERGY ALLOWANCE FOR ADULT

Body Female Male

Weight
kg kcal kjoules kcal Kjoules
40 1,550 6,500
45 1,700 7,100

50 1,800 7,500 2,200 9,200

55 1,950 8,200 2,350 9,800

60 2,000 8,400 2,500 10,500

65 2,050 8,600 2,650 11,100

70 2,200 9,200 2,800 11,700

75 2,300 9,600 2,950 12,300

80 3,050 12,800

85 3,200 13,400
90 3,350 14,000
 Metabolism

Greek word “Metabolismos”, which means to change

or alter.
 is the chemical process of transforming complex
body substances into simple ones.
 the totality of the chemical processes in the body by
which substances are changed into other substance
to sustain life.
 Basal Metabolism

 Is the measure of energy needed by the body

at rest for all its internal chemical activities.
 It indicates the amount of energy needed to
suction the life processes; respiration, cellular
metabolism, circulation, glandular activity
and the maintenance of body temperature.
Factors that affect the Basal Metabolic Rate

1. Surface Area
2. Sex
3. Age
4. Body Composition
5. State of Nutrition
6. Sleep
7. Endocrine glands
8. Fever
 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BASAL METABOLIC RATE

1. Rule of Thumb
2. Harris Benedict Formula
3. Biologic Body Weight
4. Equation
 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BASAL METABOLIC RATE

1. Rule of Thumb = this value is not applicable for obese or lean

individuals.
1 kcal per kg per hour for male adult
0.9 kcal per kg per hour for female adult
Example;
Male 75 kg
Female 65 kg

1 kcal x 75 kg x 24 hours = 1, 800kcal

0.9 kcal x 65 kg x 24 hours = 1, 404 kcal
 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BASAL METABOLIC RATE

2. Harris Benedict Formula = developed 1909, using information

on weight, height, age, and sex.
Example;
Male 66 + (13.7 x wt(kg)) + (5 x ht (cm)) – (6.8 x age (yr) =
66 + (13.7 x 158) + (5 x 160) – (6.8 x 46) =
66 + 2164 +800 – 312.8 = 2717.20 kcal

Female 655 + (9.6 x wt(kg)) + (1.8 x ht (cm)) – (4.7 x age (yr) =

655 + (9.6 x 158) + (1.8 x 160) – (4.7 x 46) =
655 + 1516.8 + 288 – 216.2 = 2, 243.60 kcal
 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BASAL METABOLIC RATE

3. Biologic Body Weight = obtain metabolic or fat free body size.

Once the METABOLIC BODY SIZE is known based on weight in
kilograms, this figure is multiplied by 70, a value which applies to all
animals.
Example;

5o kg
18.8 x 70 = 1,316 kcal

Another Example;
65 kg
21.6 x 70 = 1,512 kcal
 Table 2
METABOLIC BODY SIZE
Kilograms Metabolic Body Size
5 3.3
10 5.6
15 7.6
20 9.5
25 12.1
30 12.8
35 14.4
40 15.9
45 17.4
50 18.8
65 21.6
70 24.2
80 26.7
90 29.2
100 31.6
 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF BASAL METABOLIC RATE

4. Equation was developed by WHO in 1984.

Example;
1.6 x wt (kg + 879) =
1.6 x (50kg + 879) =
1.6 x 929 = 1,486.40 kcal
 COMPUTATION OF THE DESIRABLE BODY WEIGHT

1. Ador Dionisio’s Method

Height – for every 5 feet, allow 100lbs for Female
for every 5 feet, allow 110lbs for Male
for each additional inch, allow 2 lbs each
Example;
DBW of a 45 years old male, 5’4” tall
Height 5 feet = 110 lbs
4 inches x 2 = 8 lbs
= 118 lbs
Age – for every 5 years between 25 to 50 years, 2 lbs additional
Example;
Age 45 years x 2/5 = 18 lbs
DBW 118 lbs + 18 lbs = 136lbs
 COMPUTATION OF THE DESIRABLE BODY WEIGHT
1. Ador Dionisio’s Method
Height – for every 5 feet, allow 100lbs for Female
for every 5 feet, allow 110lbs for Male
for each additional inch, allow 2 lbs each
Another Example;

DBW of a 46 years old female, 5’2” tall

Height 5 feet = 100 lbs
2 inches x 2 = 4 lbs
= 104 lbs

Age 45 years x 2/5 = 18 lbs

DBW 104 lbs + 18 lbs = 122 lbs
 COMPUTATION OF THE DESIRABLE BODY WEIGHT

2. Tannhauser’s Method
Height in cm – 100 cm
Take 10% of remainder and subtract answer from remainder
Example;
DBW of 45 years old male, 5’4” tall

Height 5’4” x 12 = 64 inches x 2.54 = 162.56 cm

162.56 cm – 100 cm = 62.56 cm
10% 62.56 cm = 6.256 cm
62.56 kg – 6.256 cm = 56.7 kg
56.7 kg x 2.22 = 126 lbs DBW
 Table 3
ADJUSTMENT OF KCALORIE ALLOWANCES FOR ADULT INDIVIDUALS OF
VARIOUS BODY WEIGHT AND AGEs
Ideal Body Weight Kcalorie Allowance

lb 22 years 45 years 65
years
MALE
50 110 2,200 2,000 1,850
55 121 2,350 2,100 1,950
60 132 2,500 2,300 2,100
65 143 2,650 2,400 2,200
70 154 2,800 2,600 2,400
75 166 2,950 2,700 2,500
80 176 3,050 2,800 2,600
85 187 3,200 2,950 2,700
90 198 3,750 3,100 2,800
95 209 3,500 3,200 2,900
100 220 3,700 3,400 3,100
 Table 3
ADJUSTMENT OF KCALORIE ALLOWANCES FOR ADULT INDIVIDUALS OF
VARIOUS BODY WEIGHT AND AGEs
Ideal Body Weight Kcalorie Allowance

lb 22 years 45 years 65
years
FEMALE
40 88 1,550 1,450 1,300
45 99 1,700 1,550 1.450
50 110 1,800 1,650 1,500
55 121 1,950 1,800 1,650
58 128 2,000 1,850 1,700
60 132 2,050 1,900 1,750
65 143 2,200 2,000 1,850
70 154 2,300 2,100 1,950
40 88 1,550 1,450 1,300
45 99 1,700 1,550 1.450
50 110 1,800 1,650 1,500
 Table 4

CALORIE EXPENDITURE FOR VARIOUS TYPE OF ACTIVITIES

TYPES OF ACTIVITIES CALORIES

Sedentary Activities 80 – 100
Reading, writing, eating, watching tv, office work, sitting at work.
Light Activities 110 – 160
Cooking, washing dishes, ironing, welding, standing at work, rapid typing.
Moderate Activities 170 – 240
Mopping, scrubbing, sweeping, gardening, carpentry, walking fast, standing at work with
moderate arm movement, sitting at work with vigorous arm movement.
Heavy Activities 250 – 350
Heavy scrubbing, hand washing, walking fast, bowling, golfing, heavy gardening.