GROUP 5

1. Andre Nugrahanto
2. Dwi Krisma D
3. Fariza Ilham
4. Febriana Lukita W
5. Minarti Panjukang
6. Okta Fiyanti
7. Puput Istu W
 DEFINITION
The kidneys are excretory organs in vertebrates that are shaped
like peanuts. In adult humans, the kidney is about 11
centimeters in length. The kidneys receive blood from a pair of
renal arteries, and blood comes out through the renal vein.
Each kidney is related to the ureter, the tube that carries urine
out to the bladder.
 THE LOCATION
The kidneys (renal) are located along the back muscle
wall (posterior muscles) of the abdominal cavity. The shape of
this organ is similar to a bean that is about the size of a fist, about
12 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.
FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
 ANATOMY
• In general, human kidney anatomy consists of three parts,
namely :
1. The renal cortex
2. Renal medulla
3. Renal pelvis.

Renal Pelvis
 HOW THE KIDNEYS WORK
1. Urine formation is initially preceded by a blood filtration
process. This process is carried out by the glomerulus of blood
flowing from the aorta through the renal arteries to the
malphigi body. Then, the filtered waste (primary urine)
containing water, glucose, salt, and urea is stored in a Bowman
capsule.
2. Furthermore, primary urine will be flowed into the collecting
ducts. When this is flowed urine will experience the stages of
reabsorption (absorption). Various substances that can still be
used, such as glucose, amino acids, and salt will be absorbed
again by the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle. Well, this
absorption will produce secondary urine that has high urea
levels.
3. After that, the final process of forming urine is augmentation
or secretion. Secondary urine will flow into the distal tubule
through the blood capillaries to release various substances that
are no longer useful to the body. This augmented urine is
actually urine and stored in the bladder.
4. When the bladder is full of urine, the nerves around the bladder
send signals to the brain. When the signal is received by the
brain, there will be a feeling of wanting to urinate.
 VARIOUS KIDNEY DISEASES
• Various problems with this organ filtering bodily
fluids, which may occur include:
1. Acute kidney failure
2. Kidney stones
3. Glomerulonephritis
4. Acute nephritis
5. Urinary tract infection
6. Acidosis
7. Uremia
8. Polycystic Kidney (PKD)
9. Chronic kidney failure
TYPES OF EXAMINATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

BLOOD TEST

URINE TEST
 VARIOUS WAYS TO MAINTAIN KIDNEY HEALTH

So that kidney function remains normal, there are various healthy

ways you can do, namely:
1. Avoid salty foods
2. Regular exercise
3. Meet the needs of body fluids
4. Pay attention to the drugs consumed
5. Stay away from risk factors and stop smoking