Week 2:

Stop Consonants
A. STOP CONSONANT INTRODUCTION
These sounds start with a complete blockage which is
then suddenly released. These sounds are:

/p/ (pet) /t/ (to) /k/ (cot)

/b/ (bet) /d/ (do) /g/ (got)
A. Initial Stop Consonants
• Voiceless stop sounds (/p/, /t/, and /k/) are aspirated (At the
beginning of a word or at the beginning of a stressed
syllable)
• Voiced stops (/b/, /d/, and /g/) are never aspirated.

pan – ban too/two – do came – game

pay – bay tip – dip cap – gap
Words with Initial Stop Consonants
Pair Work
A. Final Stop Consonants
At the ends of words, stop consonants are not
aspirated. Instead, they are released softly.

at – add cap – cab back – bag

Staircase Intonation
How to read a long sentence with good melody

• Step 1: Split the sentence into smaller parts

• Step 2: Practice linking sounds
• Step 3: Stress important words (nouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs)
• Step 4: Apply staircase intonation

• E.g: The money is in the bank

• E.g: Last May we had a surprise party at my house for one of
my friends.
Linking with Stops
1. We made‿other plans.
2. Lock‿all the doors.
3. Stop‿it now!
4. They got‿away.
5. Rob‿always goes.
6. I’ll bet‿it doesn’t fit‿anymore.
7. Dave bought‿a bag of chips.
8. Would‿anyone like‿a cup of tea
Words Ending in -ed
Rule 1: The ending –ed will always sound like the new syllable /ɪd/ when the
last sound of the word ends with /t/ or /d/
start /stɑrt/ - started wait /weɪt/ - waited
need /nid/ - needed decide /dɪˈsaɪd/- decided

Rule 2: The ending –ed will sound like /t/ when the last sound of the word
ends with a voiceless consonant
laugh /læf/ - laughed look /lʊk/ - looked stop /stɑp/ - played

Rule 3: The ending –ed will sound like /d/ when the last sound of the word
ends with a voiced consonant or a vowel sound
rob /rɑb/- robbed hum /hʌm/ - hummed play /pleɪ/ - played
/d/ /t/ /ɪd/

played brushed waited

cleaned laughed painted

snowed pushed shouted

closed watched wanted

filled danced landed

stayed walked departed

Linking -ed Ending and a Vowel

Example Sounds like

stayed‿in stay din
turned‿on turn don
developed‿a develop ta
needed‿a nee de da
Intonation in Lists

• In saying a list of items, the intonation often rises on each item before
the last item.
• On the last item, the intonation falls to a low note to show that the list
is finished. The intonation changes on this word.
Stop Consonants in Consonant Clusters

Initial /pl/ plan a good plan

Initial /pr/ pray pray for the sick
Initial /bl/ black black and blue
Initial /br/ brain use your brain
Initial /tr/ track track a package
Initial /dr/ dream I have a dream.
Initial /cl/ claim insurance claim
Initial /cr/ cry Don’t cry.
Initial /gl/ glove one glove
Initial /gr/ grade high grade