Horizontal serivices

• In large buildings the type of distribution depends on

the building type, dimension, the length of supply
cables, and the loads.
• In most cases a high voltage supply and transformer
substation is required. Normally HV switchgear and
substation transformers are installed at ground floor
(or basement ). However, often there are appliances
with large power demand installed on the top floors
(converters and motors for lifts, air-conditioning
equipment and electric kitchens).
• The horizontal distribution system for mechanical and
electrical services in a larger building should be planed
simultaneously with the structural frame and the
interior finish system because they are strongly
interrelated
• The floor to floor height of a building is determined in
the part of vertical dimension needed at each story for
horizontal runs of duct work and piping
• The section of finish ceiling partition and floor system
is often based in part on their ability to contain the
necessary electrical and mechanical services
• Horizontal distribution of servicess is based on the plumbing wast line
which must be sloped to drain by gravity
• The top priorty should be given to the horizontal service line if they are
confined to vertical plumbing wall they will not interfere with other
services
• The next priorty should be given to sprinkler heads which have next higher
prioryin th layot of horizontal services they are served from fire stand pipes
by horizontal piping that is of 100 mm in outer side of diameter the placing
of heads is coordinated with placement of wall and partitions the max
coverage head is about 200 sq ft in light hazard buildings
• Like churches,hospital,museum,office buildingsetc
• Coverage in industrial and storage buildins range from 130to 90 sqft per
head depending upon the substance handled in the building
Arrangement
• The arrangement of the rising mains depends on the size and shape of the building and suitable
size of shafts for installing cables and bus ducts must be provided in coordination with the
building architect.
To determine the spatial allowance for
these elements, three design cases
may be envisaged corresponding to
different structural configurations:
•A flat slab with flexibility of service
routing.
•A slab and downstand beam
arrangement.
•A long span beam system with facility
for service integration in the structural
depth.
Long span construction

• Building users and developers are frequently demand more column-free space, and 12 to 18 m
column spacings have become more popular. Agents find that column-free spaces easier to let
and command a rent premium The span:depth ratio of long span secondary beams when
designed compositely is typically 20 to 22, which means that the beam depth for a15m span can
be 700 to 750mm. It is possible to design a service zone of 400 to 450mm within the structural
depth.
• Cellular beams , fabricated tapered girders, haunched beams, parallel beam systems,
composite trusses, stub girders and other long span systems have been developed and may be
used depending on the floor grid. The optimum structural solution depends on the:
• Spans of the primary and secondary beams. Fabricated members are often more efficient for
heavily loaded primary beams
• Span/depth ratio of the members
• Necessity to contribute to the resistance to lateral loads applied to the building
HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES FOR
LARGE BUILDINGS
• The horizontal distribution system for mechanical and electrical
services in a large building should be planned simultaneously with the
structural frame and the interior finish systems, because the three are
strongly interrelated. The floor–to-floor height of a building is
determined in part by the vertical dimension needed at each story for
horizontal runs of ductwork and piping. The selection of finish ceiling,
partition, and floor systems is often based in part on their ability to
contain the necessary electrical and mechanical services and to adjust
to future changes in these services. All these strategies involve close
cooperation among the architect and the structural and mechanical
engineers.
CONNECTING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION LINES
• Horizontal mechanical and electrical lines must be fed by vertical lines
through smooth, functional connections. Plumbing waste lines, which
must be slopped to drain by gravity, have top priority in the planning
of horizontal service lines; if they are confined to vertical plumbing
walls, they will not interfere with other services. Sprinkler heads,
which have the second highest priority in the layout of horizontal
services, are served from the fire standpipe by horizontal piping that
seldom exceeds 4 in. (100mm) in outside diameter.
• The spacing of the heads is coordinated with the placement of walls
and partitions; the maximum coverage per head is about 200
sq.ft(18.6m2) in light-hazard buildings. Coverage in industrial and
storage buildings ranges from 130 to 90 sq.ft(12.1 to 8.4 m2) per
head, depending on the substances handled in the building;
• Air conditioning ducts is the next priority. In the AHU room the return
air will mix with outside fresh air and then will be taken inside the
AHU. The AHU will filter the air, cool and dehumidify it and then feed
it to the ductwork for further distribution. The supply air ducts will be
taken above the false ceiling and fed to the area to be air-conditioned
through grilles/diffuser. Return air is usually collected above the false
ceiling and the space available between the false ceiling and ceiling
slab will act as return air path to the AHU room.
• Diffusers are generally required at the rate of one for every 150 sq.ft.
GROUP HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION IN CENTRAL
CORRIDORS
• Sometimes the major runs of ductwork, piping and wiring can be
grouped in the ceiling area above the central corridor of each floor of
a building, leaving the ceilings of the surrounding rooms essentially
“clean”. This works especially well in hotels, dormitories, and
apartment buildings that rely on above ceiling all-water system. A low
corridor ceiling is readily accepted in exchange for high, unobstructed
space in the occupied rooms, where the structure may be left
exposed as the finish ceiling, saving cost and floor-to-floor height.
Typical horizontal services distribution is;

o Electrical services above ceilings to lights, switches and socket outlets.

o Electrical services below suspended floors and in floor screeds.
o Heating pipes above ceilings and below floors.
o Hot & Cold water pipes above ceilings and below floors.
o Above ground soil and waste pipes from appliances to vertical stacks outside and inside.
o Ductwork above ceilings to outlets below.