GROUP NO 1:

GROUP MEMBERS:

ABDUL SAMI (45337)

RAHEEM DAD SHUJRAH (44422)
HAMMAD JAMIL (44353)
ASHISH KUMAR (45353)
EPILEPSY
WHAT IS EPILEPSY?

Epilepsy is a problem in the brain that causes seizures without any warning. A
seizure is like an electrical storm /shock in the brain. During a seizure the normal
pattern of activity in the brain is temporarily distributed and the brain cells begin
to fire abnormally.
 INTRODUCTION:
 More than 3000 years ago people recognized the
behaviors that today we know are caused by a brain
disorder called epilepsy.

 Epilepsy is more common than what people think

about it. About two million people of all ages in us
have epilepsy . one in twenty six (26) people will
develop epilepsy at some point in their life time.
 WHAT CAUSES SEIZURES ?

 Many things can cause seizures including injuries, fever, intense

sadness (grief) and many other types of diseases.

Seizures can be experienced as strange sensations, emotions,

behaviors convulsions, altered awareness, or inability to respond.
Some people may experience unusual sensations before a seizure.
These warning sensations are known as Auras.
TYPES OF SEIZURES:

There are two major types of seizures which are determined by how the seizure starts.

Focal seizure
Generalized seizure
FOCAL SEIZURE:
Focal seizures also called partial seizures begin in just one
part of the brain. The feelings or sensations may have
during a focal seizure depended on which part of the
brain is affected. Partial seizure (focal seizure) may spread
to affect both sides of the brain.

GENERALIZED SEIZURE:
Generalized seizures result from abnormal brain activity
on both sides of the brain at once. These seizures may
cause momentary stares, loss of consciousness, falls or
massive muscles spasm.
COMPLEX SEIZURE:

It is a partial seizure in which there is an impairment of consciousness. No loss of postural tone

i.e. the patient does not collapse to the ground. Automatism such as blinking repetitively,
smacking of lips. Postictal confusion can also occur in complex partial seizures.
 WHAT CAUSES EPILEPTIC SEIZURES:
 The human brain so complicated that many things can make it “act
up” and produce seizures.

 Some seizures occur because the “brains wiring”

 The connection between brain cells is not normal.

 It may also arise from an area of the brain that has been injured in
the past or is not working normally for some reason.

 This can happen for a number of reasons including head injuries,

tumor, strokes or Alzheimer’s disease.
 GENETIC INFLUENCE:

 Sometimes epilepsy runs in families and is caused by genetic influences.

 Scientists are still learning about so many things that result into the cause of
seizures.

 There is currently no cure for epilepsy, for some people the seizures may stop.

 Children may grow out of their seizures naturally weather they take medicine are
not.

 It is stated in one study that children with epilepsy of an unknown cause had
68% -92% chance of becoming seizure free 20 years after they were diagnosed.
HOW IS EPILEPSY DIAGNOSED?

Seizures rarely happen in the presence of health care

provider.

Since many people who have seizures can’t remember

the seizure themselves.

It’s important for somebody close to the person with

epilepsy to give an account of the seizure.
EEG (ELECTRIC ENCEPHALOGRAPHY) :

It measures the electrical activity of the brain.

EEG is 3 per second strike and wave electrical activity.

In EEG the electrodes are connected to the brain which seeks to catch the abnormal impulses
within the brain during a seizure.
 MEDICINES FOR EPILEPSY (TREATMENT) :

Seizures can be reduced or eliminated in about 80% of people with epilepsy.

The most common treatment of epilepsy is the use of medicine.

More than 20 kinds of anti-seizures medicines are now available.

In some patients seizures can be best controlled by combining two or more
medicines.
 PRECAUTIONS:

 Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy have a higher risk for other problems such as accidents, injuries,
emotional or mood disorders and rarely sudden death.

 The patient shall not be left alone and there must be someone close to him to keep an eye on him
when walking or going outside home.

 Sudden bad news can also be harmful for generalized epilepsy’s patients. They are sensitive enough
that small talks can cause mood and emotional disorders to them.
STEPS TO TAKE IF SOMEONE IS HAVING EPILEPTIC SEIZURE: