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Smoking
Being overweight or obese
Lack of physical activity
Too much salt in the diet
Too much alcohol consumption
Stress
.
Risk Factors (….contd.)
Older age
Genetics
Family history of high blood pressure
Chronic kidney disease
Adrenal and thyroid disorders
Sleep apnea
Symptoms
Consistently Elevated Blood Pressure Readings
Mostly asymptomatic. High values can result in:
▪ Severe Headache
▪ Fatigue/Confusion
▪ Vision Problems
▪ Chest Pain
▪ Difficulty in Breathing
▪ Irregular Heartbeat
▪ Blood in the Urine
▪ Pounding in your Chest, Neck, or Ears
Diagnosis & Detection
▪ Mostly asymptomatic-important to have regular BP checkups
Apparatus-sphygmomanometer
Not diagnosed on one high blood pressure reading. Factors such as pain,
stress or anxiety can cause a temporary increase in BP
Kidney -Failure
-Scarring
Related Cardiovascular Issues
▪ Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis
▪ Myocardial Infarction
▪ Aneurysm
▪ Coronary artery disease
▪ Heart failure
Management
▪ Lifestyle changes may reduce BP by about 5 to 10 mm Hg. Include:
- Reducing Salt Intake
- Reducing Fat Intake
- Losing Weight
- Getting Regular Exercise
- Quitting Smoking
- Reducing Alcohol Consumption
- Managing Stress
Treatment