• ISOLATING MORPHEMES IN WORDS BY : AZRANDI

• LEXICAL ENTRIES OF MORPHEMES NIM : 160388203007

• CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE AND SUB CATEGORIZATION
ISOLATING MORPHEME IN
WORD

Isolate a morpheme it is necessary to do unit word

forms with other forms of word units. One word that can
be agreed upon morpheme approved form unit words
can be present repeatedly in snother form. Consider the
following example :
Comparison of form [kedua] Comparison of form Ke
Kedua Kepasar
Ketiga Kekampus
Kelima Kedapur
Ketujuh Kemasjid
Kedelapan Kealun-alun
Kesembilan
Keterminal
Kesebelas
Comparison of form tinggal or Comparison of form lantar
ninggal
Menelantarkan
Meninggalkan
Terlantar
Ditinggal
Tertinggal Lantaran
Peninggalan
Ketinggalan
Sepeninggal
LEXICAL ENTRIES OF
MORPHEMES

Once we have learned (using constituency tests) which

parts of the sentence constitute each phrase, we can then
assign a head. If we know the name of the phrase that we
have identified, then finding the head is easy. For example
the head of a DP is the determiner, the head of a VP would
be the verb. For a complete guide with examples please see
the table below:
:

Each head of a phrase has its own lexical entry, which

is stored in our brains in something linguists call
a lexicon (like a dictionary). This tells us certain features
about the head including where it can be positioned in a
sentence. The lexical entry also shows what can/must
precede and follow the head (syntacticians call these
requirements selection and c-selection, respectively).

If we look at the future tense marker will
(this would be the head of the TP), then we
can make a lexical entry for it, as follows:
will (future): T, selects DP subject, c-selects
VP
So let’s break it down.
• The T tells you that will is a type of T(ense)
• ‘selects DP subject’ shows that the head must be
preceded by a DP (the subject of the sentence in
this case)
• ‘c-selects VP’ shows that the unit following the T
head will be a full VP.
• Notice that the VP is itself a phrasal unit. Heads
often select for phrasal complements rather than
simple heads because syntax is hierarchical, rather
than linear! (See the Constituency section for
discussion of this).
Car: N
Blue: A
The: D, c-selects NP
Wash: V, selects DP subject, c-selects DP
Quickly: Adv
CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE
AND SUB CATEGORIZATION Free and bound morphemes

Every morpheme can be classified as either free or

bound.Since the categories are mutually exclusive, a
given morpheme will belong to exactly one of them.
• Free morphemes can function independently as words
and can appear within lexemes.
• Bound morphemes appear only as parts of words,
always in conjunction with a root and sometimes with
other bound morphemes. For example, un- appears
only accompanied by other morphemes to form a
word. Most bound morphemes in English are affixes,
particularly prefixes and suffixes.

Examples of suffixes :
are -tion, -ation, -ible, and -ing. Bound morphemes that
are not affixed are called cranberry morphemes
 Classification of bound morphemes
Bound morphemes can be further classified as derivational or
inflectional.
Derivational morphemes
• derivational morphemes, when combined with a
root, change the semantic meaning or the part of
speech of the affected word. For example, in the
word happiness, the addition of the bound
morpheme -ness to the root happy changes the
word from an adjective (happy) to
a noun (happiness). In the word unkind, un-
functions as a derivational morpheme since it
inverts the meaning of the word formed by the
root kind. Generally, affixes used with a root
word are bound morphemes.
Inflectional morphemes
• Inflectional morphemes modify
the tense, aspect, mood, person, or number of
a verb, or the number gender, or case of a
noun, adjective, or pronoun, without affecting
the word's meaning or class (part of speech).
Examples of applying inflectional morphemes to
words are adding -s to the root dog to
form dogs, or adding -ed to wait to
form waited. An inflectional morpheme changes
the form of a word. English has eight inflections.]