Performance,

Heat Balance
and Efficiency
Test of Simple
Steam Power
Plant
• It is the power plant which is used
to generate electricity by the use
of steam turbine. The major
components of this power plant
are boiler, steam turbine,
condenser and water feed pump.
• THE STEAM POWER PLANT CAN BE
FUELED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES OF
ENERGY SUCH AS BURNING OIL, GAS,
COAL AND NUCLEAR FUEL.
•
STEAM IS PRODUCED VIA HEAT RELEASED
BY THIS FUELS. THE STEAM THAT DRIVES
THE MAIN TURBINE, CAUSING THE
TURBINE AND THE ELECTRICAL
GENERATOR TO ROTATE.
STEAM POWER PLANT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Steam power plant T-S diagram
 PERFORMANCE OF A STEAM POWER
PLANT
• IN THIS WORK, THE EVALUATED
PERFORMANCE OF THERMAL STATION IS
MECHANICALLY STUDIED BY DETERMINING
THE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR
GENEATIVE UNIT, W/C IT IS GIVEN THE
CALCULATION MODEL BY DOING HEAT
BALANCE FOR EACH ONE OF ITS PRINCIPAL
PARTS.
• A COMPARISON IS DONE BETWEEN THE
PARTICLE RESULT W/C ARE OBTAIN FROM
THE STATION AND THE THEORETICAL
RESULT W/C IS CALCULATED FROM THE
BASIC FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, THE
DIFFERENT WORKING LOAD (40% , 70% ,
100%) OF ITS COMPLETE LOAD HAVE BEEN
CONSIDER IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE
OPTINUM WORKING CIRCUMSTANCES, IN
ADDITION TO DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECT OF
SOME WORKING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CIRCUMSTANCES OF UNIT PERFORMANCE.
STEAM POWER PLANT HEAT
BALANCE
 HEAT BALANCE
• HEAT BALANCE DIAGRAM STEAM POWER STATION IS THE
BASICALLY SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE
STEAM CYCLE FROM BOILER TO HIGH PRESSURE TURBINES,
INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINES AND LOW PRESSURE
TURBINES TO CONDENSER TO PUMPS TO RE-HEATERS AND
AGAIN TO BOILER.
• HEAT BALANCE DIAGRAM IS ALSO A REPRESENTATION OF
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE SUM OF ALL
THE HEAT ENERGIES IN A SYSTEM CIRCUIT SHOULD ADD UP TO
ZERO. IN OTHER WORDS, + HEAT ENERGY INPUT + [ -(OUTPUT
HEAT ENERGY+LOSSES)]= 0.
 EFFICIENCY OF STEAM POWER PLANT

• The efficiency of steam turbine use the Rankine thermodynamic

cycle with steam temperatures at saturated conditions. This
gives a lower thermal cycle efficiency than the high temperature
coal fired power plants. Thermal cycle efficiencies are in the
range of 38 %. Since the energy release rate in nuclear fission is
extremely high, the energy transferred to steam is a very small
percentage – only around 0.7 %. This makes the overall plant
efficiency only around 0.27 %. But one does not consider the
fuel efficiency in nuclear power plants; fuel availability and
radiation losses take center stage.
• The thermal efficiency of steam power plant
depends upon the steam pressure. The efficiency
increases with increasing steam pressure
nonlinearly up to a level. After that level increase
in efficiency becomes very low with respect to
increasing pressure.
• Thermal efficiency of steam power plant increases
with increase in steam temperature linearly.
IncreasE in temperature of steam also causes its
effect on cost. So temperature of steam is
increased only upto a level at which it is
economical.
• Thermal efficiency of steam power plant is the
ratio of the heat equivalent of mechanical
energy transmitted to the turbine shaft and the
heat of the combustion. Thermal efficiency is
generally quite low about 30%. Efficiency of
generator is called generation efficiency.
• At a temperature about 600°C water enters in
supercritical phase and has property between
those of liquid and gas. advantage of such plant
are that low grade fossil fuel (lignite) can be
used. Efficiency of such plants may be reached
up to 50%.
THANKYOU!!