JSP

Java Server Pages (JSP) - Sharad Ballepu
sharadballepu@sharmanj.com
www.sharmanj.com
1
Java Server Pages (JSP) Servlets & JSPs
Agenda
• Introduction
• JSP Elements
Implicit Objects
• Tag Libraries
• JSP Actions
• Error Handling
• Demo
•
2
Introduction – What is JSP
(business logic)
request servlet
Business Tier
Container
Helper
Objects
JSP
(presentation logic)
response
3
Introduction – JSP v/s Servlet
How is JSP different / similar to Servlet?
Servlets JSP
Handles dynamic data
Handles business logic Handles presentation logic
Lifecylce methods Lifecylce methods

init() : can be overridden jspInit() : can be overridden
service() : can be overridden _jspService() : cannot be overridden
destroy() : can be overridden jspDestroy() : can be overridden
Html within java Java within html

out.println(“<htrml><body>”); <html><body>
out.println(“Time is” + new Date()); Time is <%=new Date()%>
out.println(“</body></html>”); </body></html>
Runs within a Web Container

4
Introduction – JSP is a Servlet
• In the end, a JSP is just a Servlet
Is translated to Compiles to Is loaded and

Initialized as
writes 0010 0001
Import javax.
JSP
servlet. 1100 1001 Servlet
HttpServlet.* 0001 0011
MyJsp.jsp MyJsp_jsp.java MyJsp_jsp.class MyJsp_jsp

Servlet
5
Introduction – Comments
• JSP Comments
 <%-- {CODE HERE} --%>
 Does not show the comments on the page
 Does not show the comments in page source
 Can only be used outside JSP Elements
• HTML Comments
 <!– {CODE HERE} -->
 Does not show the comments on the page
 Shows the comments in page source
 Can only be used outside JSP Elements
• Single line Comments

 // {CODE HERE}
 When put outside JSP Elements, shows comments on the page & source
 When put inside Scriptlets/Declarations, does not show on page &
source
 Can be used inside scriptlets/declarations and outside JSP Elements 6
JSP Elements – Intro
• Need to write some Java in your HTML?
• Want to make your HTML more dynamic?
 JSP Declarations :: Code that goes outside the service method
 JSP Scriptlets :: Code that goes within the service method
 JSP Expressions :: Code inside expressions is evaluated
 JSP Directives :: Commands given to the JSP engine
7
JSP Elements - Declarations
• What are declarations?

– Whatever goes inside the “<%!{JAVA_HERE}%>” tags is called a declaration
– Everything you write in a declarations goes outside the service method
– Treat them as instance methods and instance variables
• What do you declare in declarations?

– You can declare methods and variables in declarations
• Why do you need declarations?

– You have any variable that needs to be shared across different requests.
– You have repeated common code in you jsp, declare it in a method.
• Example
<%! int instanceVar = 10; %>
8
JSP Elements - Declarations
Request 1
Service1 Service2 Service3
Request 2
Declarations
Request 3
9
JSP Elements - Scriptlets
• What are declarations?

– Whatever goes inside the “<%{JAVA_HERE}%>” tags is called a scriptlet
– Everything you write in a scriptlets goes in the service method
– Treat variables in scriptlets as method/local variables
• What do you put in scriptlets?

– Business logic in JSPs are put in scriptlets. Set of java statements
• Why do you need scriptlets?

– Need to perform some small business logic (if logic is complex, do in java)
– Need to perform some basic validations
• Example
<% int localVar = 10; %>
10
JSP Elements - Expressions
• What are expressions?

– Whatever goes inside the “<%={JAVA_HERE}%>” tags is called an expression
– Code inside expressions is evaluated, and output is displayed
– Whatever is put inside expressions should evaluate to a value
• What do you put in scriptlets?

– Variables or methods that return some values
• Why do you need scriptlets?

– Need to print some text onto the page
• Example
<%= localVar %>
11
JSP Elements - Example
<html><head><title>JSP Elements Example</title>

</head>
<body> Declarations
<%! int userCnt = 0; %>
<% Scriptlets
String name = "Sharad";
userCnt++;
%> Expressions
<table>
<tr><td>
Welcome <%=name%>. You are user number <%=userCnt%>
</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
12
JSP Elements - Directives
• What are directives?

– Whatever goes inside the “<%@{DIRECTIVES}%>” tags is called a directive
– Directives gives pre-processing commands to the JSP Engine.
– Everything in directives are processed before JSP is translated to Servlet
• What do you put in directives?

– Processing commands to the JSP Engine.
• Why do you need directives?

– To incorporate certain additional features into the JSP
– Modifying the Servlet behaviour generated from the JSP
– Include other html/jsp files in the JSP.
– Provide tag libraries
Example
<%@ page import=“java.util.ArrayList” %>
13
Directives – page directive
• Any number of the pre-defined attributes can be added to the page directive
<%@ page import = “{IMPORTED_CLASSES}”

contentType = “{CONTENT_TYPE}”
isThreadSafe = “{true/false}
session = “{true/false}”
buffer = “{BUFFER_SIZE}”
autoflush = “{true/false}”
extends = “{EXTENDS_FROM_PAGE}”
info = “{PAGE_INFO”}
errorPage = “{ERROR_PAGE_NAME}”
isErrorPage = “{true/false}”
language = “{LANGUAGE}”
14
Directives – include directive
• Including other page content into your JSP

<%@ include file = {PAGE_URL_TO_INCLUDE} %>
• Includes files at translation time
• If included file is modified, the main jsp needs to be recompiled
<%@ include file =“header.jsp"/>

Hello <%=userName%>
header.jsp
Main page
<%@ include file =“footer.jsp"/>
<table><tr>
<td>Contact Details</td>
<tr></table>
main.jsp footer.jsp 15
Directives – taglib directive
• Providing output based on common custom logic
<%@ taglib uri=“{TLD_FILE}" prefix=“{PREFIX}" %>
• Components involved in tag libraries
 Tag handler class

 Common custom logic and HTML generation
 Descriptor configuration file

 Directive’s properties mapping information
 taglib directive
 Used in JSPs to use the tag handler functionality
16
taglib directive – high-level overview
<tag>
<name>txtBox</name>
<%@ taglib uri=“sharmanjTags” prefix=“sharmanj” %> <tagclass>TxtBoxTag</tagclass>
….. <bodycontent>EMPTY</bodycontent>
< sharmanj:txtBox length=“10“ name=“userName”/> <attribute>
….. <name>name</name>
<required>true</required>
test.jsp ….
</attribute>
…
</tag>
sharmanj-taglib.tld
<web-app>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>sharmanjTags</taglib-uri> public class TxtBoxTag extends TagSupport {
<taglib-location> public int doStartTag() {
sharmanj-taglib.tld ….
</taglib-location> }
</taglib> }
</web-app>
TxtBoxTag.java
web.xml
17
Implicit Objects - Introduction
18
Implicit Objects - Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP Implicit objects Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
if (“YES”.equals(request.getAttribute(“SCOPE”))) {
out.println(“REQUEST”);
} else {
if (“YES”.equals(session.getAttribute(“SCOPE”))) {
out.println(“SESSION”);
} else {
out.println(“NONE”);
}
}
%>
</body>
</html>
19
Implicit Objects – out
An instance of JspWriter
Writes statements to the page

•
The java way to display text on the webpage
Displaying dynamic data

•
20
Implicit Objects – request
• Instance of HttpServletRequest
• Use the attributes stored in request object for display /basic

validations in JSP
Forwards request to JSP

Servlet JSP
request.setAttribute(“a”, “10”)
a = 10
Helper
Uses helper Object
object
(a = 10)
21
Implicit Objects – response
• Instance of HttpServletResponse
• Send the response back to the client (HTML in most of the

cases)
Send response to client
JSP1
response.sendRedirect(“url”);
Redirect to Send response to client

JSP1 JSP2 JSP2
22
Implicit Objects – session
• Instance of HttpSession
• Retrieve and set the session attributes in JSP
• Remember the client across multiple requests
Request 1
Response1
Web App CLIENT

Request 1
Response2
SESSION 23
Implicit Objects – config and application
• config - Instance of ServletConfig

• Application – instance of ServletContext
Servlet Context
JSP 1 JSP 1 JSP 1 JSP 1
24
Servlet Config Servlet Config Servlet Config Servlet Config
Implicit Objects – page
Hello <%=userName%>
<jsp:include page=“/header.jsp"/>
header.jsp
Main page
<table><tr>
<td>Contact Details</td>
<tr></table>
<jsp:include page=“/footer.jsp"/>
footer.jsp
main.jsp
25
Implicit Objects – pageContext
application
Least visible to most visible
session
pageContext
request
page
26
JSP Actions
• Special tags which provides special features
• The container handles these tags in a special way
• Addresses certain common functionalities
• Achieve functionality with less code, and more standard way
<jsp:include>
<jsp:forward>
<jsp:param>
<jsp:useBean>
<jsp:getProperty>
<jsp:setProperty>
27
JSP Actions - <jsp:include>
Definition:
Includes a page at the given location in the main page
Syntax:
<jsp:include page="{PAGE_TO_INCLUDE}" flush="true" />
28
JSP Actions – Include Action v/s Include Directive
Include Directive Include Action
Translation time Run time
Copies the included file References to the included file
For static content For dynamic content
Cannot pass parameters Can pass parameters
29
JSP Actions - <jsp:forward>
Definition:
Forwards the request to the given page
Syntax:
<jsp:forward page=“{PAGE_TO_FORWARD}" />
30
JSP Actions - <jsp:param>
Definition:
Pass parameters to the included/forwarded page
Syntax:
<jsp:include page="{PAGE_TO_INCLUDE}" flush="true" >

<jsp:param name=“{parameterName}” value="{paramValue}" />
</jsp:include>
<jsp:forward page="{PAGE_TO_FORWARD}" flush="true" >

<jsp:param name=“{parameterName}” value="{paramValue}" />
</jsp:forward>
31
JSP Actions - <jsp:useBean>
getId();
setId(..)
getName()
How can I use
setName(…)
that bean?
bean
Servlet JSP
request.setAttribute(“userBean”, userBean”) <jsp:useBean …./>
32
JSP Actions - <jsp:useBean>
Definition:
Instantiate a bean class, use bean properties, and set property values
Syntax:
<jsp:useBean id=“{beanInstanceName}"
scope="page|request|session|application"
class=“{package.class}"
type=“{package.class}"
beanName=" {package.beanName}”>
</ jsp:useBean>
UserBean ub = new UserBean();

33
JSP Actions - <jsp:getProperty>
Definition:
Gets property values of a Bean
Syntax:
<jsp:getProperty name=“{beanInstanceName}"
property= “{propertyName}">
34
JSP Actions - <jsp:setProperty>
Definition:
Sets property values in a Bean
Syntax:
<jsp:setProperty name=“{beanInstanceName}"
property= "*" | property="propertyName"
param=“{parameterName}"
value="{paramValue}" } />
35
JSP Actions – useBean
<jsp:useBean id=“userBean"
scope="session“
class=“com.sharmanj.UserBean" >
<jsp:setProperty name=“userBean”
property=“userName”
value=“Sharad”/>
</ jsp:useBean>
<jsp:getProperty name=“userBean" property=“userName" />
36
Error Handling – Types of errors
• Errors in java code in scriptlets
 handle errors in try/catch block

 may occur at runtime
• Errors in HTML
 adhere to the HTML rules
 can be caught during testing 37

Error Handling
Why is error handling important in JSPs?
38
Error Handling – Error page
• Error pages come to the rescue
<%@page isErrorPage="true" %>

<html>
<head>
<title>My Error Page</title>
</head>
<body>
We are sorry, the page you are
trying to access is currently not
available. Please try after some time
</body>
</html>
39
Error Handling
• Specify error page in your main page • Specify error page in web.xml
<%@page errorPage=“errPage.jsp" %> <web-app>
<html> …………….
<head> ……………
<title>This is the main page</title>
</head> <error-page>
<body> <exception-type>com.a.myExp</exception-type>
………………….. <location>/error.jsp</location>
………………….. </error-page>
…………………… <error-page>
…………………… <error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/errorServlet</location>
// ERROR CODE GOES HERE </error-page>
………………….
…………………. ………………..
</body> ……………….
</html> </web-app>
40
Thanks
41

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Java Server Pages (JSP) - Sharad Ballepu

How is JSP different / similar to Servlet?

Handles dynamic data

Handles business logic Handles presentation logic

Lifecylce methods Lifecylce methods

Html within java Java within html

Runs within a Web Container

• In the end, a JSP is just a Servlet

Is translated to Compiles to Is loaded and

MyJsp.jsp MyJsp_jsp.java MyJsp_jsp.class MyJsp_jsp

• Single line Comments

• Need to write some Java in your HTML?

• Want to make your HTML more dynamic?

 JSP Declarations :: Code that goes outside the service method

 JSP Scriptlets :: Code that goes within the service method

 JSP Expressions :: Code inside expressions is evaluated

 JSP Directives :: Commands given to the JSP engine

• What are declarations?

• What do you declare in declarations?

• Why do you need declarations?

Service1 Service2 Service3

• What are declarations?

• What do you put in scriptlets?

• Why do you need scriptlets?

• What are expressions?

• What do you put in scriptlets?

• Why do you need scriptlets?

<html><head><title>JSP Elements Example</title>

• What are directives?

• What do you put in directives?

• Why do you need directives?

<%@ page import = “{IMPORTED_CLASSES}”

• Including other page content into your JSP

<%@ include file =“header.jsp"/>

• Providing output based on common custom logic

<%@ taglib uri=“{TLD_FILE}" prefix=“{PREFIX}" %>

• Components involved in tag libraries

 Tag handler class

 Descriptor configuration file

Writes statements to the page

The java way to display text on the webpage

Displaying dynamic data

• Use the attributes stored in request object for display /basic

Forwards request to JSP

• Send the response back to the client (HTML in most of the

Send response to client

Redirect to Send response to client

• Retrieve and set the session attributes in JSP

• Remember the client across multiple requests

Web App CLIENT

• config - Instance of ServletConfig

JSP 1 JSP 1 JSP 1 JSP 1

• Special tags which provides special features

• The container handles these tags in a special way

• Addresses certain common functionalities

• Achieve functionality with less code, and more standard way

<jsp:include page="{PAGE_TO_INCLUDE}" flush="true" />

Include Directive Include Action

Translation time Run time

Copies the included file References to the included file

For static content For dynamic content

Cannot pass parameters Can pass parameters

<jsp:forward page=“{PAGE_TO_FORWARD}" />