Prepared by Motivational Shining Stars

 Function
 A function is a Mathematical process that uniquely
relates the value of “one variable” to the value of “one
(or more) other variables.”
Input variable
“X” Output variable
Function “Y”
Y=f(X)
 Examples:
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥)
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 12
𝑒 𝑥 , 2 𝑥 , 𝑥! , cos(𝑥) , tan 𝑥
 What Does Linear Mean?
 Linear come from the Latin word LINEARIS which
means “Created by lines”
 If a graph is linear it will form a “Straight”
 A linear function is a function of the
form: f(x)=mx+b
M= slope , B= vertical intercept
Where, m and b are the real numbers
and m≠0
 Linear expressions consist of only
One variable and no exponents.
 Examples:
 y=25x+10 Linear function
 y=4(3/5)ⁿ Non linear function
Because of the variable as exponent.
 Transform the following into the form y=mx+b
i. x+y=2 ; y=-x+2
ii. -3x+2y=6 ; y=-1.5x+3
 Slope of Linear Function

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 𝑦2−𝑦1
Slope = = =
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 𝑥2−𝑥1
 Expressions of Linear Function
 Standard: Ax+By=C

Point Slope: y-y1=m(x-x1)

Slope intercept: y=mx+b

𝑦−𝑦1
Slope: y= 𝑚 = 𝑦2, 𝑥2
𝑥−𝑥1
 Graphing Linear Functions Using
Points
• Use two points (x,y)
and (x1,y1)
• Find these points on
the graph
• For example,
• Let (x,y)=(1,2)
• and (x1,y1)=(3,4)
 Exponential Function
 A function is called an exponential function if it has “a
Constant Growth Factor”
 This means that for a “Fixed” change in (x,y) gets
“Multiplied” by a fixed amount.
 An exponential function is a function of the form
y=𝑎𝑏 𝑥
 Where a≠0, b> 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 1 and the “exponent must
be a variable.”
Remember that
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
 Exponential Function
For Example,
o f(x)=2𝑥
o g(x)=10𝑥
o h(x)= 5𝑥+1
Not Exponential Function,
 f(x)=𝑥 2
 g(x)=1𝑥
 Indices Rules:
 𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛

 𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛

 𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑦

 𝑎𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
 Examples
 2𝑥+1 =16
 2𝑥 = 8
 𝑥 2 = 25
 𝑥 =9
 3𝑥 −1
2
 2𝑥 = 2
 22𝑥 − 5𝑥 × 2𝑥 + 4 = 0
−𝑥 1
 16 =
2
2
 2× 35𝑥 =
27
  Graphs of Exponential Function
 Let’s examine Exponential Function. They are different
then any of the other types of function we have studied
because the “Independent variable” is in the exponent.

𝒙 𝟐𝒙
Exponent
3 8
𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
2 4
1 2 Base
0 1
-1 1/2 𝑓 −1 = 2−1 = 1/2
-2 1/4
-3 1/8
  Difference between Linear and
Exponential Function
 Linear Function  Exponential Function
 Linear functions change  Exponential functions
at “a constant rate per change by “a common
unit interval”. ratio over equal
intervals.”
𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒙

1 2 1 2

2 4 2 4

3 6 3 8

4 8 4 16
 IS THE EXAMPLE OF LINEAR OR EXPONENTIAL?
• Sebastian deposits $500,000 in a local bank that will pay
out 5% interest every year. Is this example linear or
exponential?
• A certain type of corn grows at the rate of 3 inches per
week. Is this example linear or exponential?
• The Munn Sugar processing plant is able to process 10
tons of sugar per month Assuming that this process stay
steady. Is this example linear or exponential?
• Exercise biologist, Samantha discovered that to reduce
soreness people should start biceps curls at 10 pounds.
Then, progress weekly to 11 pounds, 14 pounds, 20
pounds, 32 pounds, 50 pounds and so on . Is this
example linear or exponential?
 Use of Linear and Exponential
Functions in our life
 Use of Linear Function
i. Variable costs
ii. Rates
iii. Budgeting
iv. Making predictions
 Use of Exponential Function
i. Putting money in saving account
ii. Student loans
iii. Radioactive decay
 Conclusion
 Linear and exponential functions are the
mathematical process for solving the problems of
algebra .
 These functions plays very important role in Maths
and also our real life.
 By using these functions, we can present our problems
graphically .
 Basically , these are the base of Algebra and
Mathematics.