Toothed Gearing

Friction Wheels Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drive

Advantages
1. It transmits exact velocity ratio.
2. It may be used to transmit large power.
3. It has high efficiency.
4. It has reliable service.
5. It has compact layout.

Disadvantages
1. The manufacture of gears require special tools and equipment.
2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise
during operation
 Classification of Toothed Wheels

According to the position of axes of the shafts

(a) Parallel, (b) Intersecting (c) Non-intersecting and non-parallel

Helical gearing Double helical gears Bevel gear Non-intersecting

and non-parallel
According to the peripheral velocity of the gears.
(a) Low velocity, (b) Medium velocity, and (c) High velocity.
Less than 3m/s 3 to 15 m/s greater than 15m/s
According to the type of gearing

(a) External gearing, (b) Internal gearing, and (c) Rack and pinion
 Terms Used in Gears

Pitch circle
Working depth
Pitch circle diameter Face width
Pitch point Tooth thickness
Addendum circle. Face of tooth
Dedendum circle Flank of tooth
Circular pitch Top land
Total depth Path of contact.

Circular pitch, Pc = ΠD/T

 Law of Gearing

In order to have a constant angular velocity ratio for all positions of the wheels,
the point P must be the fixed point (called pitch point) for the two wheels
Cycloidal Teeth
Length of path of contact
 Interference in Involute Gears
The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the root on its mating gear is known as interference.

Interference may only be prevented, if the addendum circles of the two mating gears cut the common tangent to
the base circles between the points of tangency.
Minimum Number of Teeth on the Pinion in Order to Avoid Interference
Similarly, Minimum Number of Teeth on the Wheel in Order to Avoid Interference
 Helical Gears

1.Normal pitch. It is the distance between similar faces of adjacent teeth, along a helix on the pitch
cylinder normal to the teeth. It is denoted by pN.

2. Axial pitch. It is the distance measured parallel to the axis, between similar faces of adjacent teeth. It
is the same as circular pitch and is therefore denoted by pc. If α is the helix angle, then circular pitch,

Note : The helix angle is also known as spiral angle of the teeth.
Spiral Gears
Efficiency of Spiral Gears
 Types of Gear Trains

1. Simple gear train, 2. Compound gear train, 3. Reverted gear train, and 4. Epicyclic gear train.

1. Simple Gear Train

Compound Gear Train
Reverted Gear Train
Epicyclic Gear Train