When people eat the foods typical of their

families or geographic region, their choices

are influenced by:

• Habit
• Nutrition
• Personal preference
• Ethnic heritage or tradition
 Both the human body and many foods are
composed mostly of:

• fat
• water
• minerals
• proteins
 The inorganic nutrients are:

• proteins and fat

• vitamins and minerals
• minerals and water
• vitamins and protein
 The energy yielding nutrients are:

• fats, minerals and water

• minerals, proteins and vitamins
• carbohydrates, fats and vitamins
• carbohydrates, fats and proteins
 An RNI represents:

• highest amount of a nutrient that appears safe

for most healthy people
• lowest amount of a nutrient that will maintain a
specified criterion of adequacy
• average amount of a nutrient considered
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of
practically all healthy people
• average amount of a nutrient that will maintain a
specific biochemical or physiological function in
half the people
Historical information, physical examinations,
laboratory tests, and anthropometric
measures are:

• techniques used in diet planning

• steps used in the scientific method
• approaches used in disease prevention
• methods used in a nutrition assessment
 Behaviors such as smoking, dietary habits,
physical activity, and alcohol consumption
that influence the development of disease
are known as:

• risk factors
• chronic causes
• preventative agents
• disease descriptors
A person who chooses a chicken leg that provides
0.5 milligrams of iron and 95 kcalories instead of
two tablespoons of peanut butter that also
provides 0.5 milligram of iron but 188 kcalories is
using the principle of nutrient:

• control
• density
• adequacy
• moderation
 The muscular contractions that move food
through the GI tract are called:

• hydrolysis
• sphincters
• peristalsis
• bowel movements
 Which nutrient passes through the GI tract
mostly undigested?

• fat
• fiber
• protein
• carbohydrate
 Absorption occurs primarily in the:

• mouth
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
Digestion and absorption are coordinated by
the:

• pancreas and kidneys

• liver and gallbladder
• hormonal system and the nervous system
• vascular system and the lymphatic system
Carbohydrates are found in virtually all foods
except:

• milks
• meats
• breads
• fruits
 Disaccharides include:

• starch, glycogen, and fiber

• amylose, pectin, and dextrose
• sucrose, maltose, and lactose
• glucose, galactose, and fructose
 The making of a disaccharide from two
monosaccharides is an example of:

• digestion
• hydrolysis
• condensation
• gluconeogenesis
 The storage form of glucose in the body is:

• insulin
• maltose
• glucagon
• glycogen
 The significant difference between starch
and cellulose is that:

• starch is a polysaccharide, but cellulose is

not
• animals can store glucose as starch, but
not as cellulose
• hormones can make glucose from
cellulose, but not from starch
• digestive enzymes can break the bonds in
starch, but not cellulose
The ultimate goal of carbohydrate digestion
and absorption is to yield:

• fibers
• glucose
• enzymes
• amylase
The enzyme that breaks a disaccharide into
glucose and galactose is:

• amylase
• maltase
• sucrase
• lactase
 With insufficient glucose in metabolism, fat
fragments combine to form:

• dextrins
• mucilages
• phytic acids
• ketone bodies
What does the pancreas secrete when blood
glucose rises? When blood glucose falls?

• insulin; glucagon
• glucagon; insulin
• insulin; glycogen
• glycogen; epinephrine
 What percentage of the daily energy intake
should come from carbohydrates?

• 15 to 20
• 25 to 30
• 45 to 50
• 55 to 65
 Saturated fatty acids:

• are always 18 carbons long

• have at least one double bond
• are fully loaded with hydrogens
• are always liquid at room temperature
 A triglyceride consists of:

• three glycerols attached to a lipid

• three fatty acids attached to a glucose
• three fatty acids attached to a glycerol
• three phospholipids attached to a
cholesterol
 Transport vehicles for lipids are called:

• micelles
• lipoproteins
• blood vessels
• monoglycerides
The lipoprotein most associated with a high
risk of heart disease is:

• CHD
• HDL
• LDL
• LPL
 Which of the following is not true? Fats:

• contain glucose
• provide energy
• protect against organ shock
• carry vitamins A, D, E, and K
 The essential fatty acids include:

• stearic acid and oleic acid

• oleic acid and linoleic acid
• palmitic acid and linolenic acid
• linoleic acid and linolenic acid
 A person consuming 2200 kcalories a day
who wants to meet health recommendations
should limit daily fat intake to:

• 20 to 35 grams
• 45 to 65 grams
• 75 to 100 grams
• 90 to 130 grams
 Isoleucine, leucine and lysine are:

• protease
• polypeptides
• essential amino acids
• complementary proteins
 Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions
are:

• buffers
• enzymes
• hormones
• antigens
If an essential amino acid that is needed to
make a protein in unavailable, the cell must:

• deaminate another amino acid

• substitute a similar amino acid
• break down proteins to obtain it
• synthesize the amino acid from glucose
and nitrogen
 Marasmus develops from:

• too much fat clogging the liver

• megadoses of amino acid supplements
• inadequate protein and energy intake
• excessive fluid intake causing edema
 The body stores energy for future use in:

• proteins
• acetyl-CoA
• triglycerides
• ketone bodies
 During a fast, when glycogen stores have
been depleted. The body begins to
synthesize glucose from:

• acetyl-CoA
• amino acids
• fatty acids
• ketone bodies
 The psychological desire to eat that
accompanies the sight, smell, or thought of
food is known as:

• hunger
• satiety
• appetite
• palatability
 The largest component of energy
expenditure is:

• basal metabolism
• physical activity
• indirect calorimetry
• thermic effect of food
 A major factor influencing BMR is:

• hunger
• food intake
• body composition
• physical activity
For health’s sake, a person with a BMI of 21
might want to:

• lose weight
• maintain weight
• gain weight
 Which of the following reflects height and
weight?

• body mass index (BMI)

• central obesity
• waist circumference
• body composition
 Which of the following increases disease
risk?

• BMI 19-21
• BMI 22-25
• lower body fat
• central obesity
 Obesity is caused by:

• overeating
• inactivity
• defective genes
• multiple factors
 Which strategy would not help an
overweight person to lose weight?

• exercise
• eat slowly
• limit high fat foods
• eat energy dense foods regularly
 Vitamins:

• are inorganic compounds

• yield energy when broken down
• are soluble in either water or fat
• perform best when linked in long chains
 Many of the B vitamins serve as:

• coenzymes
• antagonists
• antioxidants
• serotonin precursors
 With respect to thiamin, which of the
following is the most nutrient dense?

• 1 slice whole wheat bread (69 kcalories

and 0.1 milligram thiamin)
• 1 cup of yogurt (144 kcalories and 0.1
milligram thiamin)
• 1 cup snow peas (69 kcalories and 0.22
milligram thiamin)
• 1 chicken breast (144 kcalories and 0.06
milligram thiamin)
 The body can make niacin from:

• tyrosine
• serotonin
• carnitine
• tryptophan
The vitamin that protects against neural tube
defects is:

• niacin
• folate
• riboflavin
• vitamin B12
 Vitamin C serves as a(n):

• coenzyme
• antagonist
• antioxidant
• intrinsic factor
The requirement for vitamin C is highest for:

• smokers
• athletes
• alcoholics
• the elderly
 Vitamin A deficiency symptoms include:

• rickets and osteomalacia

• hemorrhaging and jaundice
• night blindness and keratomalacia
• fibrocystic breast disease and erythrocyte
hemolysis
 Good sources of vitamin A include:

• oatmeal, pinto beans, and ham

• apricots, turnip greens, and liver
• whole wheat bread, green peas, and tuna
• corn, grapefruit juice, and sunflower seeds
 Vitamin D can be synthesized from a
precursor that the body makes from:

• bilirubin
• tocopherol
• cholesterol
• beta-carotene
 Without vitamin K:

• the muscles would atrophy

• bones become soft
• skin rashes develop
• blood fails to clot
 The body generates water during the:

• buffering of acids
• dismantling of bone
• metabolism of minerals
• breakdown of energy nutrients
The distinction between the major and trace
minerals reflects the

• ability of their ions to form salts

• amounts of their contents in the body
• importance of their functions in the body
• capacity to retain their identity after
absorption
 Which would provide the most potassium?

• bologna
• potatoes
• pickles
• whole wheat bread
 Calcium absorption is hindered by:

• lactose
• oxalates
• vitamin D
• stomach acid
 Iron absorption is hindered by:

• heme
• phytates
• vitamin C
• MFP factor
 Which of these people is least likely to
develop an iron deficiency?

• 3 year old boy

• 52 year old man
• 17 year old girl
• 24 year old woman
 Which provides the most absorbable iron?

• 1 apple
• 1 c milk
• 3 oz steak
• ½ c spinach
 A classic sign of zinc deficiency is:

• anemia
• goiter
• mottled teeth
• growth retardation
 Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of:

• iron
• zinc
• iodine
• selenium
 The mineral best known for its role as an
antioxidant is:

• copper
• selenium
• manganese
• molybdenum
The spongy structure that delivers
nutrients to the fetus and
returns waste products to the
– Embryo
– Uterus mother is called the:
– Placenta
– Amniotic sac
Which of these strategies is not a
healthy option for an overweight
– Limit weight gainwoman?
during pregnancy
– Postpone weight loss until after the
pregnancy
– Follow a weight loss diet during the
pregnancy
– Try to achieve a healthy weight before
becoming pregnant
A reasonable weight gain during
pregnancy for a normal weight
– 10 pounds
woman is about:
– 20 pounds
– 30 pounds
– 40 pounds
Energy needs during pregnancy
increase
– 100kcalories/day
by about:
– 200 kcalories/day
– 500 kcalories/day
– 700 kcalories/day
To help prevent neural tube defects,
grain products are now fortified
– Iron with:
– Folate
– Protein
– Vitamin C
Pregnant women should not take
supplements of:
– Iron
– Folate
– Vitamin A
– Vitamin C
 The combination of high blood
pressure, protein in the urine, and
– Jaundiceedema signals:
– Preeclampsia
– Gestational diabetes
– Gestational hypertension
To facilitate lactation, a mother
needs:
– About 5000 kcalories a day
– Adequate nutrition and rest
– Vitamin and mineral supplementation
– A glass of wine or beer before each feeding
A breastfeeding woman should
drink plenty of water to:
– Produce more milk
– Suppress lactation
– Prevent dehydration
– Dilute nutrient concentration
Height and weight measurements:
– Are routine measurements in health care
facilities
– Cannot be performed on bedridden patients
– Are both affected by fluid status
– Require equipment that is not readily
available in most health care facilities
Short of both energy and protein result in ( )
Non essential amino acids in dietary protein ( ) have
the sparing effect of methionine.
A Cysteine B Tyrosine C Arginine D Serine
The protein metabolism of infants and adolescent
should be in:
A nitrogen balance B negative nitrogen balance
C positive nitrogen balance D excrete enough urine
nitrogen
 Which one has the lowest iron
content in the following food?
A milk
B egg
C soy bean
D rice
E walnut
Which one is iodine rich food in the
following items?
A rice
B seafood
C chicken
E milk
E meat
Non essential amino acids in dietary protein ( ) have
the sparing effect of phenylalanine.
A Cysteine B Tyrosine C Alanine D Serine
Which ones are reference protein？
A casein protein B fish protein C beef protein
D egg protein
Which ones are belong to good quality protein?
A cereals protein B soybean protein
C chicken protein D albumin
E fish protein

( )is essential amino acids of infants besides 8

essential amino acids.
A Histidine
B Cysteine
C Tyrosine
D Serine
 What are the four major elements
found in all proteins?
AC
BH
CO
DN
ES
 Which B vitamins are involved in
preventing mornining sickness of
A B1 pregnancy?
B B2
C B6
D B12
E folic acid
What characteristics do vitamins A,D,E,
and K have in common?
A water soluble
B fat soluble
C provide energy
D build body
 Which vitamins can be synthesized by
the body?
A Vit E
B Vit C
C Vit D
D Vit A
E Niacin
 What is the major carbohydrate in
milk?
A Maltose
B Lactose
C Sucrose
D Fructose
E Sorbitol
 What can cause megaloblastic
anemia?
A Vit A deficiency
B Vit B deficiency
C Folic acid deficiency
D Vit B12 deficiency
E Vit K deficiency
• Define basal metabolic rate (BMR), What
variables influence individual difference in
BMR? How?
• Define oligosaccharide and polysaccharide.
What are the scientific names for table sugar,
milk sugar, malt sugar?
• What functions does dietary fiber serve in the
body?
• Define essential amino acid, and the 8 EAA for
adults.
• Description physiological functions of protein.
• What kinds of foods are considered complete
proteins? Incomplete proteins? What are
complementary effects of protein?
• Describe functions of fats (TG) in the body.
• Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids. In general which kind is found
mostly in animal fats? Plant oils?
• Which fatty acids are considered essential ?
What are their functions?
• Describe the symptoms of essential fatty acid
deficiency.
• What are the functions of body cholesterol?
• Describe the function of vitamin C and
symptoms of its deficiency.
• What deficiency disease is classically
characterized by the 3D’s, what are they?
• Summarize the symptoms of vitamin A
deficiency?
• What is the chief function of vitamin D?
Which foods contain this vitamin, What
condition is created by its deficiency?
• Why is iodine deficiency especially damaging
to children?
• What is the function of carbohydrate?
• Description of inhibitors and promoters of
calcium.
• Which six kinds of nutriment are demanded
by human being?
• What is the effect on fetus of malnourished
mother?
• Limiting amino acid (LAA)
• Essential amino acid pattern (EAA pattern)
• BMI
• EAA
• EFA
• UL
• Glycemic Index，GI
• Lactose intolerance
• Gluconeogenesis
• RNI
• Thermal effect of food
• Digestibility
• Biological value
 To help teenagers consume a
balanced diet, parents can:
– Monitor the teens’ food intake
– Give up-parents can’t influence teenagers
– Keep the pantry and refrigerator well
stocked
– Forbid snacking and insist on regular, well
balanced meals
The nutrients most likely to fall short in
the vegetarian diet are:
– B2
– B1
– B6
– B12
1. ( chicken protein ), ( fish protein
), ( soybean protein ) are belong to good quality protein?
2. ( Folic acid deficiency ),( Vit B12 deficiency ) can cause megaloblastic
anemia?
3. ( Histidine )is essential amino acids of infants besides 8 essential amino acids.
4. Vitamins serve as( coenzymes ):
5. Marasmus develops from ( inadequate protein ) and ( energy intake)
6. Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy. It is estimated that one gram of
fat provides ( 9 k )calories?
7．( Lactose) is the major carbohydrate in milk?
8. The inorganic nutrients are( minerals ) and ( water )
9. ( niacin )deficiency disease is classically characterized by the 3D’s, they
are ( diarrhea ) ,( dementia ) and ( dermatitis ).
10. Essential fatty acids include ( linoleic acid ) and ( linolenic acid ).
11. Vitamins, such as vitD , vitaA and niacin can be
synthesized by the body.
12. Phospholipids and cholesterol maintain the structural
integrity of the cells.
13. Disaccharides include lactose , maltose and sucrose
.
14. The energy yielding nutrients are proteins , carbohydrates
and lipids .
15. Essential amino acid pattern
refers to the component ( ratio )of various ( EAA )in the protein.
16. DRIs included ( EAR ) (RNI ) (AI ) and
( UL ).
17. The body also uses ( cholesterol )to synthesize several important sterol
compounds including sex hormones (estrogen, androgen, and progesterone),
adrenal hormones, bile acids, and vitamin ( D ).
18. The major function of vitamin C include ( synthesis of collagen ) and
( facilitate iron absorption ).