PROTEINS:

MEDICAL USES
By: Shannah Mae Tiempo
11 STEM B
WHAT ARE PROTEINS?
-large molecules composed of one or more chains of
amino acids in a specific order determined by the base
sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the
protein

- are required for the structure, function, and regulation

of the body's cells, tissues, and organs

-The strands twist, bend, and fold into specific

shapes. The way they fold depends in part on the
way the amino acids interact with each other.
Some sections of proteins form standard “motifs”:
corkscrew-like coils called alpha helices and flat
sections called beta sheets

FORM FOLLOWS
FUNCTION
Example: Enzymes have grooves
and certain shapes so that the
substrate can easily attach to it.
How do scientists use
protein structures to
develop new drugs?
By applying a technique known as the structure-based drug design,
templates for proteins are mase as a basis for producing new
medicines in the medical industry.
It starts with a computeried model of a protein structure that could
allow the scientists to observe how two proteins interact with each
other. Then, they try to design a molecule that would either block or
alter the interaction. PROTEASE INHIBITOR
An example for this is the
development of some anti-HIV
drugs. An enzyme called HIV
protease is what keeps the virus
alive. By knowing its structure, it
easily allowed scientists to identify
the kinds of molecules that could
cease the HIV protease in doing its
function. This is now called a
protease inhibitor.
 THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
-proteins that are
engineered in the laboratory for
pharmaceutical use
💡Proteins are synthesized artificially on large scales through
genetically modified host cells and delivered

Protein Therapy
-involves delivering a specific amount of protein to the body
to repair illness, treat pain and reconstruct structures
-These illnesses include Cancer, Hemophilia,
Anemia, Hepatitis B/C and etc.
 DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF
THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
Group I: Therapeutic proteins with Group II: Therapeutic proteins with special
enzymatic or regulatory activity targeting activity
• proteins replace a protein that is deficient or • proteins interfere with a molecule or organism
abnormal or deliver other molecules.
Examples: Exubera and Increlex Example: Avastin
• up-regulate an existing pathway • Delivers other compounds/proteins
Examples:Ovidrel and Neupogen Example: Ontak
• provide a new function or activity
Example: Myoblock

Group III: Therapeutic proteins as Group IV: Therapeutic proteins as

vaccines diagnostics
• help protect against foreign agents and cancer -These proteins are generally purified and
Example: Engerix
recombinant proteins.
• treating autoimmune diseases
Example: Rophylac Example: Geref
 RECOMBINANT PROTEINS
-are proteins that are artificially made through the recombinant
DNA technology.
-provides a
more efficient method to obtain large
amounts of proteins.
-recombinant proteins used in the clinic include :
recombinant hormones, interferons, interleukins, growth
factors, tumor necrosis factors, blood clotting factors,
thrombolytic drugs, and enzymes
-treats major diseases such as
diabetes, dwarfism, myocardial infarction,
congestive heart failure, Crohn’s disease

💡The first recombinant protein used in treatment was

recombinant human insulin in 1982
 RECOMBINANT
RECOMBINANT PROTEIN PROTEIN
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
Typically, certain experts in this field are
the only ones capable of producing proteins.
But now with the help of techonological
developments and available systems, the
production of recombinant proteins has
become a widespread technique in the
industry.
Due to its simple structure, clear
genetic background, high yield of target
protein and short culture period, the E.coli
expression system is the most commonly
used among all the other methods of
recombinant protein production
E. Coli expression System
 REFERENCES
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/pages/Factsheet_StructuralBi
ology.aspx

https://www.cusabio.com/c-20679.html#a03

https://www.cusabio.com/c-20272.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/recombinant-
proteins