AUTOMOBILE ENGG – An introduction

• A vehicle producing power within itself for its propulsion

is called a self propelled vehicle. Eg: car, bus, locomotive,
aero-plane, ship etc.
• A self propelled vehicle used for transportation of goods
and passengers on ground is called an Automobile. A
conventional Automobile mainly consists of two
portions.
a) The machine portion : Chassis &
b) The carriage portion. : Body

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AUTOMOBILE ENGG – An introduction
• An automobile in general is made up of the
following components.

1. The basic structure or the framework

2. The engine or power plant or source of power
3. The power train or the transmission system
4. The body or the super- structure
5. The auxiliaries
6. The controls.

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 The Automobile and its Development

• Initially, the man tamed and trained certain animals for

carrying heavier loads..
• An automobile is also known as 'Automotive', 'Auto', 'Auto-
car', 'Auto-buggy', 'Car', 'Motor', 'Motor Car', 'Motor
Vehicles’ 'Motor Coach', 'Motor Wagon', 'Horseless
Carriage'.
• "Germany is the birth place of automobile. It was invented
there. It went through its first phases there and it was
developed there to a high level of technical maturity. The
list of German automobile pioneers is a long one starting
with Nicholas Cugnot, August, Otto, Carl Benz, Gottlieb,
Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Rudolf Diesel and going all
the way up to, Ferdinand Posche and Felix Wankel."

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 The Automobile and its Development

• Captain Nicholas Cugnot, a Frenchman is considered to be the

father of 'The Automobile'. He built the first self-propelled road
vehicle in 1769-70. It had a three wheeled coach. It was fitted with
a steam engine. It attained a speed of about 2.5 miles per hour only
for a period of 15 minutes.
• In 1802, the first practical steam automobile was built by Richard
Trevitluck of England using a crankshaft for the first time.
• In 1821 Julis Griffiths of England built the first comfortable steam
vehicle.
• The automobile propelled by gas engine was built in 1863. It was
invented by the French inventor Lenoir. He drove it for about six
miles. This automobile had a one cylinder engine using lighting gas.
• During the next few years a large amount of experimental, work
was carried out on both the engines and carriages.

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 The Automobile and its Development
• Belgium inventor Eienne Lenoir in 1860 was the first who gave us the first
practical example of internal combustion engine.
• In 1876, Otto and Langen in Germany also invented and designed an
internal combustion engine. But the actual development of the modern
automobile dates back to 1885.
• Gottlieb Daimler in Germany patented an internal combustion engine in
1885-86 and installed this engine in a bicycle. The two wheeled vehicle ran
on liquid fuel similar to gasoline.
• In 1886, Carl Benz also of Germany built a three wheeled carriage or
Tricycle propelled by an internal combustion engine working on Otto cycle.
It attained a speed of 16 miles per hour and produced 8 H.P.
• Daimler's engine is considered as the first high-speed light construction
gas engine capable of running at 800 to 1000 r.p.m. In the history of
automobiles this ,development Was considered as a greatest
achievement.
•

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 The Automobile and its Development
• During 1900-1906, the production and sales of these
vehicles became a real business.
• The years that followed 1906 to 1920 are considered
the era of mass production and interchangeability
methods permitting lower price production. The
various parts for particular type of automobile were
made as nearly identical as possible. Screws, nuts,
washers etc were all standardized.
• With the year 1920 began the period of gradual change
and refinement in the automobile design. The spark
ignition gasoline engine was power plant of motor
vehicle.

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 The Automobile and its Development
• The German inventor, Karl Benz constructed his first gasoline
powered vehicle in 1885 at Mannheim, Germany. Commercial
production of Benz cars started in 1888. Panhard et Levassor
of France was the first company to exclusively build and sell
motor cars from 1889.
• The early 1900s saw many automobile manufacturing
companies coming into existence in a number of European
countries and the United States. The first mass produced
automobile in the United States was the curved-dash
Oldsmobile. It was a three-horsepower machine and sold
5,000 units by 1904. The economics of the US car market was
disrupted by the arrival of Henry Ford and his Model T car.
The Model T was the world's first mass produced vehicle- a
million units were sold by 1920- a space of 10 years.

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 The Automobile and its Development
• In India, the first motor car appeared in 1938 with
taxi cabs in Bombay. Before partition some assembly
plants were only established at Bombay, Calcutta and
Madras by leading foreign manufacturers. In order to
create and manufacture indigenous products, two
Indian factories like - The Premier Automobiles Ltd.,
Bombay and Hindustan motors Ltd., Calcutta were
set up in 1943 and 1944 respectively.

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 AUTOMOBILE FIRSTS

Inventor Date Type/Description Country

Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804) 1769 STEAM / Built the first self propelled road vehicle France
(military tractor) for the French army: three
wheeled, 2.5 mph.

Robert Anderson 1832-1839 ELECTRIC / Electric carriage. Scotland

Karl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929) 1885/86 GASOLINE / First true automobile. Gasoline Germany, Patent
automobile powered by an internal combustion DRP No. 37435
engine: three wheeled, Four cycle, engine and
chassis form a single unit.

Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (1834- 1886 GASOLINE / First four wheeled, four-stroke Germany
1900) and Wilhelm Maybach (1846- engine- known as the "Cannstatt-Daimler."
1929)

George Baldwin Selden (1846-1922) 1876/95 GASOLINE / Combined internal combustion United States
engine with a carriage: patent no: 549,160
(1895). Never manufactured -- collected
royalties.

Charles Edgar Duryea (1862-1938) 1893 GASOLINE / First successful gas powered car: United States
and his brother Frank (1870-1967) 4hp, two-stroke motor. The Duryea brothers set
up first American car manufacturing company.

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 The Motorwagon

• A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagon, first built

in 1885 by Carl Benz and awarded the patent for the concept

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 Ford Model-T

• Ford Model T, 1927, regarded as the first affordable that American

automobile went on mass production
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 First Accident
• The world's first automobile accident occurred in Ohio
City, Ohio in 1891.
• In 1891, James William Lambert was involved in the
first automobile accident in world history. The accident
occurred in Ohio City, Ohio. Lambert's vehicle -- the
first single-cylinder gasoline automobile, which was
carrying Lambert and James Swoveland, hit a tree root,
causing the car to careen out of control and smash into
a hitching post. Injuries from this accident were minor.
Lambert proceeded to patent over six hundred
inventions, mostly affiliated with the automobile
industry.

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 First Automobile Race
• First Automobile Fifty-Mile Race Ever Run in
America. WON EASILY BY A.L. RIKER He Covered
the Long Island Course in a Trifle Over Two Hours
in an Electric Machine.
• Under the auspices of the Automobile Club of
America a fifty-mile race was run off on the
Merrick Road, between Springfield and Babylon,
for a silver cup presented by Leonce Blanchet,
one of the founders of the Automobile Club of
France.
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 Most Powerful Engine
• The Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine is the
most powerful and most efficient prime-mover in the world today. The
Aioi Works of Japan's Diesel United, Ltd built the first engine.
• The cylinder bore is just under 38" and the stroke is just over 98". Each
cylinder displaces 111,143 cubic inches (1820 liters) and produces 7780
horsepower. Total displacement comes out to 1,556,002 cubic inches
(25,480 liters) for the fourteen cylinder version.
Some facts on the 14 cylinder version:
• Total engine weight:2300 tons (The crankshaft alone 300 tons.) Length:89
feet & Height:44 feet,
• Maximum power:108,920 hp at 102 rpm
• Maximum torque:5,608,312 lb/ft at 102rpm
 The Wartsila-Sulzer
RTA96-C engine

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 Indian Auto Industry

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 Indian Auto Industry

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 Indian Automobile Companies

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 Milestones achieved by India
The milestones achieved by the Automobile Companies in India are:
• The first automobile in India rolled in 1897 in Mumbai.
• International players are adding to their investments in Indian auto
industry.
• As far as the two-wheelers are concerned, motorcycles contribute
80% of the segment size.
• The Indian passenger vehicle market is dominated by cars by 79%.
• India’s Automobile Industry is the largest three-wheeler market in
the world.
• India is the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in the world.
• India is the second largest tractor manufacturer in the world.
• The Automobile Industry in India is the fifth largest commercial
vehicle manufacturer in the world.
• India is the fourth largest car market in Asia.

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 Latest News in the Industry:
The latest in the world of Indian Automobile Companies are:
• Hyderabad is coming up with the first automobile mall of the country by 2008.
It will also comprise a multi-purpose convention center and product launches.
• The latest car in the Indian Automobile Industry is the Tata Nano. It costs
approx US$ 2,500. While Bugatti Veyron, another new car, costs over US$ 2
million.
• Facts have revealed that the Automobile Industry in India employs 13 million
individuals in India. This industry contributes about 3.1% of India's GDP
(nominal).
• Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited (RNAIPL) is launching its new
passenger vehicle plant in Chennai, India which is expected to begin
operations in 2010.
• India launched its first hybrid car, the sedan Civic by Japan’s Honda Motor Co
on Wednesday, June 18, 2008.
• Due to levying of additional excise duty by the government, there is a hike in
the cost of imported luxury cars.

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 COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR
PRE SUPPLY PUMP PRESSURE
REGULATOR

INJECTORS

HIGH PRESSURE
PUMP

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 CRDi - EMS SYSTEM
CKP

CMP
Fuel control
MAF / IAT
Glow plug control
ECT
EGR control
APS
ECM Cooling fan control
Fuel Temperature
A/C Compcontrol
Fuel Pressure
C/Relay control
VSS

Brake switch
Clutch switch
MPFI-EMS system configuration
No Component
1 MAF / ATS
2 TPS
3 ISCV
4 Fuel Injector
5 CMP
6 PCVV
7 Knock Sensor
8 CKP
9 WTS
10 Up. O2 sensor
11 Down. O2 sensor
12 CVVT module
13 Ignition Switch
14 WSS
15 Fuel Pump
16 Fuel Level Sensor
17 FTPS
18 PCSV
19 CCV
20 ECM
AUTOMOBILE ENGG – An introduction
What are the Requirements of a Modern Vehicle?
1. Optimum performance
2. Good fuel economy
3. Low Pollution
4. Minimum Noise level
5. Easy cold starting
6. Economic servicing
7. Acceptable durability
8. Least weight
9. Compact size
10. Economic manufacture – competitive pricing

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 Automobile Construction
• There are basically
three types of vehicle
construction

• Conventional
• Semi-integral
• Integral

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 26
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 A Typical Truck Chassis

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