A Tour of The Solar System: Presented by Keith Delong

A Tour of the Solar System
• An image of each planet will be visible on

individual slides.
• Each slide will also describe the general
composition, size, motion and relative position of
each planet in the solar system.
• Additional slides of planetary satellites, comets,
and asteroids will be included.
• Hyperlinks to additional slides and web sites will
provide supplemental information.
Presented by Keith DeLong

Abstract
In this PowerPoint presentation, students explore
the solar system. The relative position of each
planet in the solar system is illustrated and
students examine the appearance of each planet as
well as investigate its composition, size and
motion. Also, planetary satellites, comets and
asteroids are discussed. Additional information on
the solar system and its component elements are
available to students via hyperlinks to slides and
additional web sites.
The Standard Addressed in this
Presentation
Earth’s Place in the Universe
1. Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the
solar system’s structure, scale, and change over
time. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know how the differences and similarities

among the sun, the terrestrial planets, and the gas giants
may have been established during the formation of the
solar system.
The Solar System
PLUTO
Not to (Dwarf Planet)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets.
scale
NEPTUNE
They are also known as terrestrial planets.
URANUS
SATURN Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

MARS Neptune, and Pluto are
JUPITER the outer planets.
EARTH
VENUS Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

and Neptune are also
MERCURY
known as gas giants or
Jovian planets.
SUN
Pluto is a big ball of ice.
Between Mars and Jupiter there is a

large number of rocks orbiting the sun.
Each rock is known as an ASTEROID.

COMETS OR METEOROIDS
This ring of rocks is called the Asteroid
Belt.
| The Solar System | Sun | Mercury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune | Pluto (Dwarf Planet)
| Asteroids | Comets | Meteors, Meteoroids, and Meteorites | End Show |
Sun
• The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system.
• It is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old.
• It supports all life on Earth through photo-
synthesis and is the ultimate source of all food
and fossil fuel.
• It is 333,400 times more massive than the Earth
(this means that 333,400 Earths can make up the
Sun).
• 99.86% of all the mass of the solar system is
found in the Sun.
• The core of the Sun is 16 million °C.
• The surface of the Sun is 7000° C
• It takes several hundred thousand years for
photons to escape from the dense core and reach
the surface.
Links to Sun sites:
•Live from the Sun • The Sun generates energy the equivalent of 100
•StarDate: The Sun billion tons of TNT exploding every second.
•Solar Data Analysis Center
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT

NUCLEAR FUSION
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
The Sun is basically a huge ball of hydrogen gas held together by the gravity
created by its own mass. Under the intense pressure created at the centre of the
Sun by gravity, hydrogen nuclei are fused together to produce helium nuclei. Very
simply stated, four hydrogen nuclei are fused into one helium nucleus, however
one helium atom has less mass than four hydrogen atoms. The fusion process
releases enough energy to account for the lost mass.
The energy released by nuclear fusion in the Sun's core heats the Sun. The hot
Sun radiates light into space, warming the Earth and the other planets.
About 1300 watts per square meter reaches the Earth's orbit, of which about 1000
watts per square meter reaches the Earth's surface (on a clear day).
VIDEO
NUCLEAR FUSION IN THE SUN
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
Video
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Mercury (Planet)
Relative position: 1st planet out from the sun.
Appearance: Resembles Earth's Moon, scarred
by thousands of impact craters. There are
areas of smooth terrain as well as cliffs, some
soaring a mile high, formed by ancient
impacts.
General composition: Rocky material. It is a
terrestrial planet.
Density: 5.43 g/cm3
Atmosphere: Almost no atmosphere. The very
little atmosphere that exists is composed
chiefly of oxygen, sodium, and helium.
Size: .054 the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites (Moons): None
Rotation: 58.65 days (very slow rotation)
Revolution: 88 days to go around the Sun once.
Temperatures: High: 467 °C on the sunny side
Links to Mercury sites: of the planet. Low: -183 °C on the dark side
•Exploring the Planets - Mercury of the planet.
•Missions to Mercury
•NASA Planetary Photojournal: Mercury
Venus (Planet)
Relative position: 2nd planet out from the sun.
Appearance: It is covered by thick, rapidly spinning
clouds. Due to its thick cloud layer reflecting
sunlight, it is the brightest planet in the sky
General composition: Rocky material. It contains an
iron core and a molten rocky mantle. The crust is a
solid, rocky material. It is a terrestrial planet.
Density: 5.24 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Consists mainly of carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, and droplets of sulfuric acid; it contains
almost no water vapor. This thick atmosphere traps
immense amounts of heat in a large-scale greenhouse
effect.
Size: .88 the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites (Moons): None
Rotation: -243 days (retrograde)
Revolution: 225 Earth days. Its day is longer than its
year.
Temperature: 450 °C. It’s hotter than Mercury due to
Links to Venus sites: the greenhouse effect. It is actually hot enough to
•Exploring the Planets - Venus
melt lead.
•Missions to Venus
•StarDate: Venus
Earth (Planet)
Relative position: 3rd planet out from the sun.
Appearance: The Earth looks blue and green
from space with clouds moving through the
atmosphere. The surface of the Earth is 70%
water and 30% land.
terrestrial planet. It has a nickel-iron core
with a molten mantle and solid rocky crust.
Atmosphere: Mostly oxygen (21%) and nitrogen
(78%). Some argon, carbon dioxide, and
water vapor.
Size: 40,000km (24,8000miles) around at the
equator.
Planetary satellites (Moons): 1 - The Moon
Rotation: 23 hours, 56miutes (1 day)
Revolution: 365.25 days
Temperature: Mean surface 15 °C to 20 °C
Links to Earth sites: Special feature: Earth sustains life as we know it.
•Exploring the Planets - Earth Water exists in all three states (solid, liquid , and
•Missions to Explore Earth gas) on the Earth. There is a delicate balance
•StarDate: Earth between its oceans, air, land, and life.
The Moon
• The Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite.
• The Moon contains no water and has no

atmosphere
• Its has about 1/6 the mass of the Earth,

therefore it has 1/6 the gravitational pull of the
Earth.
•
• It is 384 401 km from the Earth.
• It takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth once.
• The gravitational pull of the Moon is

responsible for the Earth’s tides.
• The surface of the Moon is covered with craters

Links to Moon sites: and flatlands. The craters are due to repeated
Missions to the Moon
StarDate: Moon
meteorite bombardments while the dark,
Collecting Moon Rocks flatlands are the result of ancient lava flows.
BACK
Mars (Planet)
Relative position: 4th planet out from the sun.
Appearance: Mars appears red due to the iron
oxide in its soil. It has polar ice caps that
grow and recede with the seasons, and it has
dust storms, which cause giant dunes, wind
streaks, and wind-carved features.
terrestrial planet.
Atmosphere: Mostly carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
and argon.
Size: .149 times the volume of the Earth.
Planetary satellites (Moons): 2 Moons
Rotation: 24 hours, 33 minutes.
Revolution: 686.67 days.
Temperature: -87 °C to -5 °C
Links to Mars sites: Special Features: Mars has the largest volcanic mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons (27
•Missions to Mars km high and 600 km across); volcanoes in the northern Tharsis region that are so huge they deform
•Mars Explorations the planet's roundness; and a gigantic equatorial rift valley, the Valles Marineris. This canyon
•StarDate: Mars system would stretch from New York to Los Angeles; the Grand Canyon could fit into one of the
side canyons of this great chasm.
Moons of Mars
Phobos Deimos
Gouged by a giant impact crater and beaten by

thousands of meteorite impacts, Phobos is on It is also heavily cratered with a small lumpy
a collision course with Mars. It may collide appearance.
with Mars in 50 million years or break up into
a ring.
BACK
Jupiter (Planet)
Appearance: It is sometimes called a “mini-solar
system” because of its numerous moons and
several rings. Jupiter appears striped because
light and dark belts are created by strong
east-west winds.
General composition: It is a gas giant, meaning it
is mostly made of gases. Jupiter's core is
probably not solid but a dense, hot liquid with
a consistency like thick soup.
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium and
methane.
Size: 1316 times the volume of the Earth. It is the
planet with the highest gravity in the solar
system.
Planetary satellites (Moons): 63 Moons; some of
them have been named and some have
alphanumeric designations.
Rotation: 9 hours, 54 minutes
Revolution: 11.86 Earth years
Links to Jupiter sites:
Temperature: -108 °C
•Exploring the Planets - Jupiter
•Missions to Jupiter Special Feature: The Great Red Spot has existed for at least 100 years, and perhaps longer.
•StarDate: Jupiter It is a hurricane-like storm on Jupiter. (Galileo reported seeing a similar feature nearly 400
years ago). Three Earths could fit across the Great Red Spot.
Moons of Jupiter
1. Io 17. Callirrhoe 33. Euanthe 49. Kore
2. Europa 18. Themisto 34. Euporie 50. S/2003 J2
3. Ganymede 19. Megaclite 35. Orthosie 51. S/2003 J3
4. Callisto 20. Taygete 36. Sponde 52. S/2003 J4
5. Amalthea 21. Chaldene 37. Kale 53. S/2000 J11
6. Himalia 22. Harpalyke 38. Pasithee 54. S/2000 J5
7. Elara 23. Kalyke 39. Hegemone 55. S/2003 J9
8. Pasiphae 24. Iocaste 40. Mneme 56. S/2003 J10
9. Sinope 25. Erinome 41. Aoede 57. S/2003 J12
10. Lysithea 26. Isonoe 42. Thelxinoe 58. S/2003 J15
11. Carme 27. Praxidike 43. Arche 59. S/2003 J16
12. Ananke 28. Autonoe 44. Kallichore 60. S/2003 J17
13. Leda 29. Thyone 45. Helike 61. S/2003 J18
14. Thebe 30. Hermippe 46. Carpo 62. S/2003 J19
15. Adrastea 31. Aitne 47. Eukelade 63. S/2003 J23
16. Metis 32. Eurydome 48. Cyllene BACK
Saturn (Planet)
Relative position: 6th planet out from the
sun.
Appearance: Saturn has a large system of
rings, and the yellow and gold bands in
its atmosphere are caused by super-fast
winds combined with heat rising from its
interior.
General composition: It is a Gas giant,
meaning it is mostly made of the gases
hydrogen and helium.
Density: .70 gm/cm3 (This low density means
that Saturn could float on water if their
Special feature: Saturn's ring system is
was a body of water big enough).
the most extensive and complex in our Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen and helium.
Links to Saturn sites:
•Exploring the Planets - Saturn solar system; it extends hundreds of Size: 755 times the volume of the Earth.
•Missions to Saturn thousands of kilometers from the planet. Planetary satellites (Moons): 60 Moons;
•StarDate: Saturn The rings are mostly water ice with some have been named and others have
particles ranging in size from a few alphanumeric designations
micrometers to several tens of meters.
Moons of Saturn
1. Mimas 16. Kiviuq 31. Narvi 46. Loge
2. Enceladus 17. Atlas 32. Methone 47. Skoll
3. Tethys 18. Prometheus 33. Pallene 48. Surtur
4. Dione 19. Pandora 34. Polydeuces 49. S/2004 S7
5. Rhea 20. Pan 35. Daphnis 50. S/2004 S12
6. Titan 21. Ymir 36. Aegir 51. S/2004 S13
7. Hyperion 22. Paaliaq 37. Bebhionn 52. S/2004 S17
8. Iapetus 23. Tarvos 38. Bergelmir 53. S/2006 S1
9. Erriapus 24. Ijiraq 39. Bestla 54. S/2006 S3
10. Phoebe 25. Suttungr 40. Farbauti 55. Greip
11. Janus 26. Mundilfari 41. Fenrir 56. Jarnsaxa
12. Epimetheus 27. Albiorix 42. Fornjot 57. Tarqeq
13. Helene 28. Skathi 43. Hati 58. S/2007 S2
14. Telesto 29. Siarnaq 44. Hyrokkin 59. S/2007 S3
15. Calypso 30. Thrymr 45. Kari 60. Anthe
BACK
Uranus (Planet)
Appearance: It has a blue-green color from the
methane gas above the deeper clouds.
Methane absorbs red light and reflects blue
light. It does have a small system of rings.
General composition: It is a Gas giant, meaning it
is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and
helium, with a small amount of methane and
traces of water and ammonia. It has no solid
surface, but it does contain a liquid core made
mostly of “icy” materials (water, methane, and
ammonia)
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium, and
methane.
Size: 52 times the volume of the Earth.
Links to Uranus sites:
•Exploring the Planets - Uranus
•Missions to Uranus Special feature: Uranus’ axis is tilted so that it seems to rotate on its side.
•StarDate: Uranus This tilt gives it seasons that last over twenty years.
Moons of Uranus
1. Cordelia 15. Francisco
2. Ophelia 16. Ariel
3. Bianca 17. Umbriel
4. Cressida 18. Titania
5. Desdemona 19. Oberon
6. Juliet 20. Caliban
7. Portia 21. Stephano
8. Rosalind 22. Trinculo
9. Mab 23. Sycorax
10. Belinda 24. Margaret
11. Perdita 25. Prospero
12. Puck 26. Setebos
13. Cupid 27. Ferdinand
BACK
14. Miranda
Neptune (Planet)
Appearance: Neptune has a blue color because of the
methane in its atmosphere. The methane reflects
blue light while it absorbs red light. It has a small
system of rings and periodically Great Dark Spots
(hurricane-like storms) appear.
General composition: It is a Gas giant, meaning it is
mostly made of the gases hydrogen, helium, and
methane. It has no solid surface, but its liquid
core is composed of water and other “melted
ices.”
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium,and methane.
Size: 44 times the volume of the Earth.
Links to Neptune sites:
•Exploring the Planets - Neptune Special features: Neptune is actually the farthest planet from the Sun for a
•Missions to Neptune 20-year period out of every 248 Earth years due to Pluto’s unusual
•StarDate: Neptune elliptical orbit.
Moons of Neptune
1. Triton
2. Nereid
3. Naiad
4. Thalassa
5. Despina
6. Galatea
7. Larissa
8. Proteus
9. Halimede
10. Psamathe
11. Sao
12. Laomedeia
13. Neso BACK
Charon
Pluto (Dwarf Planet)
Appearance: A large frozen ball of ice.
General composition: Rocky core surrounded by
water ice.
Density: 2.0 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Frozen most of the time. When it is
closest to the Sun the bright layer of frozen
methane, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide
thaws out and gives it a thin atmosphere.
Size: .005 the volume of the Earth. It is the planet
with the lowest gravity in the solar system.
Planetary satellites (Moons): 3
1. Charon
2. Hydra
3. Nix
Links to Pluto sites:
•Missions to Pluto Rotation: -6.39 days (retrograde)
•Pluto Portal
•StarDate: Pluto
Asteroids
• Asteroids are either rocky or metallic objects
that orbit the Sun. They are too small to
considered planets but are sometimes called
planetoids.
• They can be anywhere from the size of a

pebble up to a 1000km (620 miles) in
diameter; the asteroid Ceres is an example of
an asteroid that is this large.
• They have been found inside Earth’s orbit and

all the way out past Saturn’s orbit. Most
asteroids, however, are located in the asteroid
belt which exists between the orbit’s of Mars
and Jupiter.
Links to Asteroids sites:
•Missions to Asteroids
•The Nine Planets: Asteroids
•StarDate: Asteroids
Asteroid Belt
BACK
Comets
• Comets - small, fragile, irregular-shaped body
composed of a mixture of non-volatile grains
and frozen gases. Components of Comets can
be seen by clicking on the link.
• Their orbits are elliptical (oval) or parabolic

(U-shaped). The orbit brings them in very
close to the Sun and swings them far out into
space, sometimes out past Pluto. Example of a
comet’s orbit.
• As comets approach the Sun, radiation from

the Sun evaporates the ice and gases, creating
the lone tail. The closer to the Sun, the longer
Links to Comet sites: the tail of the comet. The tail of the comet
•Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards always faces away from the Sun because of
•The Planetary Society’s Near Earth Objects Page the solar wind coming from the Sun.
•Missions to Comets
Components of Comets
BACK
Example of a Comet’s Orbit
Comet 2P/Encke
BACK
Meteors, Meteoroids, and
Meteorites
• Meteoroids - asteroids that are on a collision
course with Earth.
• Meteor - streak of light created when a

meteoroid strikes our atmosphere at high
velocity and friction causes the chunk of space
matter to burn up.
• Meteorite - what is left that strikes the Earth’s

surface if the meteoroid does not burn up
completely.
Meteorite sample that is from the
crust of the asteroid Vesta
• 92.8% of all meteorites are composed of
silicate (stone), and 5.7% are composed of
Links to meteorite sites: iron and nickel; the rest are a mixture of the
•ANSMET: Antarctic Search for Meteorites three materials.
•Asteroids, Comets, and NASA Research
•Meteorites from Antarctica • Stony meteorites are the hardest to identify
•Meteorites from Mars since they look very much like terrestrial
rocks.
Vocabulary
1. Greenhouse Effect - warming of a planet’s surface as a result of atmospheric gases trapping heat.
Carbon dioxide is one of these greenhouse gases.
2. Photon - a quantum of visible light or other form of electromagnetic radiation coming from the
Sun. A particle of light.
3. Retrograde - this means that the planet is spinning backwards compared to the other planets.
4. Revolution - one complete circle made around something. The orbit made by a planet or satellite
around another body.
5. Rotation - the turning motion of a planet spinning on its axis.
6. Star - a glowing, hot, gaseous mass in space such as the Sun ranging in size from that of a planet
to larger than the Earth’s orbit. It generates energy by thermonuclear reactions.
7. Terrestrial - similar in composition and density to Earth. Relating to Earth. Earth-like.

BACK
8. Volume - amount of space an object takes up.
Vocabulary (p.2)
9. Dwarf Planet - a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its
self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly
round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite.
10. Planet - a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-
gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round)
shape and (c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
11. Plutoids - celestial bodies in orbit around the Sun at a semi-major axis greater than that of
Neptune that have sufficient mass for their self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that they
assume a hydrostatic equilibrium (near-spherical) shape, and that have not cleared the
neighborhood around their orbit.
BACK
Thanks!
Your Tour of the
Solar System is Finished
(Click here to leave the
Tour)

A Tour of The Solar System: Presented by Keith Delong

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A Tour of the Solar System

• An image of each planet will be visible on

Presented by Keith DeLong

a. Students know how the differences and similarities

SATURN Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

VENUS Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

Between Mars and Jupiter there is a

Each rock is known as an ASTEROID.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT

• The Moon contains no water and has no

• Its has about 1/6 the mass of the Earth,

• It takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth once.

• The gravitational pull of the Moon is

• The surface of the Moon is covered with craters

Gouged by a giant impact crater and beaten by

• They can be anywhere from the size of a

• They have been found inside Earth’s orbit and

• Their orbits are elliptical (oval) or parabolic

• As comets approach the Sun, radiation from

• Meteor - streak of light created when a

• Meteorite - what is left that strikes the Earth’s

5. Rotation - the turning motion of a planet spinning on its axis.

7. Terrestrial - similar in composition and density to Earth. Relating to Earth. Earth-like.

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