THERMOCHEMISTRY

THERMOCHEMISTRY
-is the study of
the heat changes
that exhibit during
chemical reactions
and physical
changes of state.
 Energy & Chemistry

Burning peanuts supply sufficient

Burning sugar

energy to boil a cup of water.

(sugar reacts with
KClO3, a strong
oxidizing agent)
Forms of Energy
 The five main forms of
energy are:
 Heat

 Chemical

 Electromagnetic

 Nuclear

 Mechanical
 ENERGY
ENERGY AND
AND HEAT
HEAT

ENERGY is the capacity to

do work or transfer heat.

HEAT is the form of energy

that flows between 2
objects because of their
difference in temperature.
Heat Energy
 The internal motion of the atoms is
called heat energy, because moving
particles produce heat.
 Heat energy can be produced by
friction.
 Heat energy causes changes in
temperature and phase of any form
of matter.
 CHEMICAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY
o Energy stored in
chemicals because of their
composition. Different
substances store different
amount of energy
 Fuel and food are forms of
stored chemical energy.
Chemical Energy

 Chemical Energy is required to

bond atoms together.
 And when bonds are broken,
energy is released.
 Energy conversions
 In an automobile engine, fuel is
burned to convert chemical energy
into heat energy. The heat energy is
then changed into mechanical
energy.
 In a battery, chemical energy is
converted into electromagnetic
energy.
 Chemical  Heat Mechanical
 Energy
Energy &
& Chemistry
Chemistry
2 H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2 H2O(g) + heat and light
This can be set up to provide
ELECTRIC ENERGY in a fuel cell.
Oxidation:
2 H2 ---> 4 H+ + 4 e-
Reduction:
4 e- + O2 + 2 H2O ---> 4OH-
 Potential
Potential Energy
Energy
on
on the
the Atomic
Atomic Scale
Scale
 Positive and
negative particles
(ions) attract one
another.
 Two atoms can bond
 As the particles
attract they have a
lower potential
energy NaCl — composed
of Na+ and Cl-
ions.
 Kinetic
Kinetic Energy
Energy

Kinetic energy
— energy of
motion.

rotate
rotate
vibrate
vibrate
translate
translate
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
 Thermodynamics is the science of
heat (energy) transfer.

Heat energy
is associated
with
molecular
motions.

Heat transfers until thermal equilibrium is

established.
 Directionality of Heat Transfer
 Heat always transfer from hotter object
to cooler one.
 EXOthermic: heat transfers from
SYSTEM to SURROUNDINGS.

T(system) goes down

T(surr) goes up
 Directionality of Heat Transfer
 Heat always transfer from hotter object
to cooler one.
 ENDOthermic: heat transfers from
SURROUNDINGS to the SYSTEM.

T(system) goes up
T (surr) goes down
LAW
LAW OF
OF CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION OF
OF
ENERGY
ENERGY
*Law of Conservation of energy
stated that in any chemical or
physical process, energy is
neither created nor
destroyed.