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Chlorine
Iron Manganese Zinc Copper Moly- Boron
(Cl)
Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)
(Fe) (Mn) (Zn) (Cu) bdenum (B)
(Mo)
6. BORON:-
• Taken by plants as H3BO3 and H2BO3.
• Liming reduce B deficiencies or toxicities.
• Release through decomposition.
• Important in cellular function, essential for growth and germination.
• Exist in soil only non-metal micronutrient, soil solution organic residue released through decomposition.
• Availability decrease as soil pH increase interact with Ca.
• Deficiency of boron occur in break of growing tip tissue, scouched appearance on leaves.
7. CHLORINE:-
• Exist Cl built in the form of excess salt.
• Often the matching anion salt (Cl-) to soil cations.
• Negative charge mean doesn't absorb to soil.
• Leaches but soil have a balance charge.
• Essential for photosynthesis, raises sell osmoticpotential.
• Born while most soil exchange sides in acid to a neutral soil so pH become negligible to 7.0.
• Deficiency of Cl occur in rolled leaf in plants.
PICTURES RELATED TO MICRONUTRIENTS:-
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS:-
CALCIUM:-
• If soil pH is high, calcium is present.
• Low availability in plants to take-up.
• Calcium is available chemically taken by plants.
• To measure affect in soil.
• Carbonates are necessary.
• Maintain chemical balance in soil.
• There is a exchange of Ca take place.
• Nutrients interaction reduce up-take.
• Deficiency occur in necrosis at the tips and margin of young
leaves.
MAGNESIUM:-
• Magnesium is taken by plant as Mg2+.
• Key component of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.
• Cation exchange capacity.
• Bond exchange sites in soil in relatively low Mg and Al
become more soluble and reduce Mg up-take.
• Mg low in soil.
• Mg easily leached in humid area.
• Low pH soil Mg decrease and become less available.
• Low soil pH reduces availability of Mg high pH increase.
• Deficiency of Mg occur in interveinal chlorisis.
SULPHUR:-
• Presence sulphate for taken in plants.
• Essential for chlorophyll formation.
• It is leached into soil and organic matter is a source of organic sulphur in soil.
• In soil found in organic matter.
• Mineralization process sulphur convert to sulphate (SO4-2).
• Interact with other nutrient in plant and soil.
• Soil with pH higher than 7.3.
• Deficiency occur in sandy soil and green to yellowish colour on
leaves.
DEFICIENCY PICTURES OF SECONDARY NUTRIENTS:-
MACRONUTRIENTS IN SOIL:-
NITROGEN:-
• Form of ammonium nitrate for a plant up-take.
• Present in structure of protien molecules, nuclear acid and chlorophyll.
• Nitrogen fixation in soil.
• Mineralization in soil.
• Nitrification in soil.
• Dentrification in soil.
• Volatilization and leaching in soil.
• Acid soil (pH < 6).
• Need pH > 5.5 dissolve in H2O.
• Deficiency of nitrogen occur in plant growth and leaves that are pale green or yellow.
PHOSPHORUS:-
• H2PO4- and HPO42- are primary form of phosphorus taken by plants.
• Important for developing healthy root system and photosynthesis.
• H2PO4 present in weekly acid.
• Soil phosphorus pH dependent.
• Plants take but this tends to extremely low.
• Phosphate precipitation reaction occur with Al and Fe in acidic soil.
• Solubility of phosphate depend on soil pH 6.5.
• Deficiency occur in plant growth and purple pigmentation in old leaves.
POTASSIUM:-
• K+ is present for plant up-take.
• Responsible for disease resistance, stem strength in plant.
• K is held in soil by cation exchange capacity.
• K fixation.
• Cation exchange capacity is reduced amount of Ca and Mg excess-up.
• In soil pH toxicity of Al and Mn hinder K.
• Deficiency of K occur in scorching or necrosis of older leaf margin and root system.
PICTURES RELATED TO MACRONUTRIENTS:-
• Given chart shows the control of availability of essencial nutrients.
• Availability of N, P, S, Ca, Mg and Mo is limited.
• Greater nutrient availability is indicated by thickened lines whereas narrow lines
indicate decrease in availability.
ROLE OF ALUMINUM IN SOIL:-
• Major constituent of soil but not required for plant growth.
• In soil, present as insoluble aluminosilicates and oxides.
ALUMINUM TOXICITY:-
• Soil pH below 5.4 aluminum dissolves in soil solution.
• Aluminum solubility's decrease soil pH increase cause acidity in soil.
• Aluminum saturation occur.
• Splitting water and releasing H+ in soil.
• Dissolve Al+3 is toxic to plants.
MANGANESE TOXICITY:-
• Mineral in soil dissolve Mn ions.
• Toxicity occur in yellow of leaves with darken to brown spot and
crinkling of leaf.
• Its low solubility at neutral at alkaline pH prevent excessive up-take by
plant.
• Soil pH drop below 5.2 Mn become high soluble toxic.
• Toxicity is nearly always associative with acid in soil.