02 – 27- 2018

Preparing and
Implementing Research
Instruments
Research Instrument

isa tool used to gather data on a specific

topic of interest.
When preparing an Instrument

You must ensure that it is

valid and reliable.
 When preparing an Instrument

You must ensure that it is valid and reliable.

Valid – when it directly answers or addresses

your research questions.

Reliable – when it provides you consistent and

stable data over a period of time.
General Guidelines in Preparing an
Instrument
Follow the given guidelines when preparing an instrument:
General Guidelines in Preparing an
Instrument
Follow the given guidelines when preparing an instrument:

1. Do a preliminary research by visiting your library or checking online

sources.
2. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing research instruments.
3. Master the guidelines in preparing and administering each type of
instruments.
4. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that your instruments will directly
address your specific research questions.
5. Based on the data you need, decide on the number of people whom you
want as respondents or participants.
6. Prepare the instrument using the appropriate format. Get model
instruments, if necessary. You may visit Google scholar to get samples of
your intended instrument.
7. Edit your instrument.
8. Pilot your instrument to further improve its quality. After receiving the
feedback from your pilot, make the necessary revisions.
 Types of Instrument

QUESTIONNAIRE
INTERVIEW
OBSERVATION

SURVEY

EXPERIMENT
SURVEY
A survey contains planned questions
which are used to measure attitudes,
perceptions, and opinions.

Itcontains responses directly related to

each specific research question. It can
either be in the form of an interview or
a questionnaire
 SURVEY
There are three types of question that you can use
when conducting, a survey: recall, recognition, and
open-ended.
1. Recall type of question – asks for specific information
such as years of service, age, and address.
2. Recognition type of question – asks for a response to
a specific question where options are given such as
in the case of multiple choice, dichotomous
(yes/no), and rating scale format.
3. Open-ended type of question – elicits brief
explanations or impressions from the respondent.
 SURVEY
Topic:
General question: