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Fundamentals
Tenth Edition
Floyd
Chapter 1
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
Time of day
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A .M . P.M .
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Analog and Digital Systems
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Binary Digits and Logic Levels
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Digital Waveforms
LOW LOW
t0 t1 t0 t1
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Pulse Definitions
Actual pulses are not ideal but are described by the rise time,
fall time, amplitude, and other characteristics.
Overshoot
Ringing
Droop
90%
Amplitude tW
50%
Pulse width
10%
Ringing
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Pulse Definitions
Pulse
width
Amplitude (A)
(tW)
Time
Period, T
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Timing Diagrams
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Serial and Parallel Data
1
Computer Printer
0
0
t0 t1
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic Logic Functions
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic System Functions
And, or, and not elements can be combined to form
various logic functions. A few examples are:
Two
binary A= B Outputs
numbers
B
A< B
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic System Functions
HIGH
9 Encoder
8
7
6 Binary code
5 for 9 used for
4 storage and/or
The encoding function 7 8 9
3
2
1
computation
4 5 6 0
1 2 3
0 . +/–
Calculator keypad
Binary input
7-segment display
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic System Functions
Switching Switching
sequence sequence
control input control input
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic System Functions
Counter Parallel
output lines Binary Binary Binary Binary Binary
code code code code code
1 2 3 4 5 for 1 for 2 for 3 for 4 for 5
Input pulses Sequence of binary codes that represent
the number of input pulses counted.
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Basic System Functions
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Integrated Circuits
Pins
DIP chips
In this case, testing can
be done by a computer
connected to the system.
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Integrated Circuits
Pin 1
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Integrated Circuits
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Test and Measurement Instruments
The front panel controls for a general-purpose oscilloscope
can be divided into four major groups.
DISPLAY
PROBE COMP CH 1 CH 2 EXT TRIG
5V
INTENSITY
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Vertical section
For measuring digital
Summary
Signal coupling Volts/Di v
signals, use DC coupling
AC
Amp
Display section
DC GND
Ch 1 Conversion/storage
(Digital scopes only)
Test and Measurement Instruments
Vertical Analog
position only
AC
Amp
DC GND Intensity
Ch 2 Conversion/storage
(Digital scopes only)
Digital
only
Horizontal
Trigger section section
External trigger Trigger
coupling source Trigger Control and process
level and (Digital scopes only)
AC slope
External Ch 2 Sec /Div
trigger DC Ch 1
Trigger
circuits Time base
Ext
Line Horizontal
position
Normally, trigger on the slower of two
AC waveforms when comparing signals.
Power supply
DC to all sec tions
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Test and Measurement Instruments
The logic analyzer can display multiple channels of digital
information or show data in tabular form.
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Test and Measurement Instruments 0.01 V
OFF V
Hz
electrical measurements. 10 A
A Range
Autorange
Touc h/Hold
1s
1s
Voltage
40 m A COM
Fused
Resistance
Current
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Programmable Logic
Fixed OR
Programmable array and
AND array output logic
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Selected Key Terms
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Selected Key Terms
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
1. Compared to analog systems, digital systems
a. are less prone to noise
b. can represent an infinite number of values
c. can handle much higher power
d. all of the above
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
2. The number of values that can be assigned to a bit are
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. ten
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
3. The time measurement between the 50% point on the
leading edge of a pulse to the 50% point on the trailing edge
of the pulse is called the
a. rise time
b. fall time
c. period
d. pulse width
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
4. The time measurement between the 90% point on the
trailing edge of a pulse to the 10% point on the trailing edge of
the pulse is called the
a. rise time
b. fall time
c. period
d. pulse width
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
5. The reciprocal of the frequency of a clock signal is the
a. rise time
b. fall time
c. period
d. pulse width
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
6. If the period of a clock signal is 500 ps, the frequency is
a. 20 MHz
b. 200 MHz
c. 2 GHz
d. 20 GHz
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
7. AND, OR, and NOT gates can be used to form
a. storage devices
b. comparators
c. data selectors
d. all of the above
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
8. A shift register is an example of a
a. storage device
b. comparator
c. data selector
d. counter
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
9. A device that is used to switch one of several input lines to
a single output line is called a
a. comparator
b. decoder
c. counter
d. multiplexer
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
10. For most digital work, an oscilloscope should be coupled
to the signal using
a. ac coupling
b. dc coupling
c. GND coupling
d. none of the above
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
© 2008 Pearson Education
Answers:
1. a 6. c
2. b 7. d
3. d 8. a
4. b 9. d
5. c 10. b
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved